HHS 497 Ashford University Health Human Services Capstone

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Week 5 – Final Project Final Project Prior to beginning work on the Final Project, you are encouraged to review the required reading materials. You will have two choices for your final project: a research paper or a mock service learning project. Regardless of your choice you will be uploading your project to Portfolium. You are also required to prepare a 5-minute video that summarizes and explains your project and will be shared to the Week 5 discussion board. Both the video and the paper are to be uploaded to your ePortfolio in Portfolium, that you previously set up. Choose only one of the following projects: Option 1: Research Paper For this option, you will select a health and human services topic of interest and prepare a research paper based on this topic. You will identify a theory or theoretical perspective that offers insight or explanation regarding your chosen topic and present the results of your literature-based research, offering conclusions and/or recommendations. For example, you may want to research current trends in health and human services leadership, and offer recommendations for leadership approaches that would be effective in health and human services organizations today. Or you may want to explore the major challenges health and human services professionals face in delivering services to a chosen population offering recommendation on how they should be addressed. In your Research Paper you will • • Identify the selected health a human services topic. Identify a theory or theoretical perspective that explains your topic. Present the results of your literature review. • Draw conclusions and/or make recommendations that address problems in your topic. View the Ashford Writing Center’s resource on Writing a Research Paper (Links to an external site.) for additional support. • Your final project • Must be 10 to 12 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA Style (Links to an external site.) as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.). • Must include a separate title page with the following: o Title of project o Student’s name o Course name and number o Instructor’s name • Date submitted For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013 (Links to an external site.). • Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice (Links to an external site.) resource for o additional guidance. • For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions (Links to an external site.) as well as Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.), refer to the Ashford Writing Center resources. • Must use at least six credible sources. o The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment. • To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, view this Ashford University Library Quick ‘n’ Dirty (Links to an external site.) tutorial, which introduces the Ashford University Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips. • Must document all sources in APA Style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA: Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.) guide. • Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. See the APA: Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) resource in the Ashford Writing Center for specifications. Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Annotated Bibliography 1 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 Babinski, P. J. (2016). The Perceived Importance of Role-Specific Competencies for Health Care Leaders Establishes the Need to Expand Role Theory. The health care manager, 35(2), 164-179. Babinski authored this article in 2016. It is a peer-reviewed article study focused on the examination of roles played by leaders in health care institutions. The author used crosssectional and quantitative research to develop his results and conclusion regarding the topic of the study. The study was carried on individuals with various leadership roles in health care centers. It studied the perspectives of such individuals regarding getting involved in specific tasks related to their areas of experience. The leadership roles involved in the study were inclusive of radiology director, nursing director, chief executive officer, and operating room director. These leaders gave differing responses to the research. Following this study, therefore, it is clear that healthcare leaders develop differing perspectives on competence. The differences arise from their leadership positions. This study fits in my project because of its discussion on leadership roles and competency in the provision of health care services. The findings obtained from this source show a difference in the views of leaders about the need for competence in each leadership role. Hence, the research shows that impact caused on individuals by their roles should vary as the roles do. Therefore, the assignment of roles in health care centers should be following both their perspectives and experiences. Denis, J. L., & van Gestel, N. (2016). Medical doctors in healthcare leadership: theoretical and practical challenges. BMC health services research, 16(2), 158. Dennis authored this article in 2016. It is a scholarly article addressing the practical and theoretical challenges faced by medical care providers holding particular roles in their ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3 health centers. The report states that different centers have different systems, resources, and structures. For this reason, therefore, it is obvious that medical doctors and other health care providers have the challenge of adapting to new working centers. Consequently, they have played a similar role in fitting themselves into the systems. The article follows a study done to evaluate policies used in the development of leadership skills among the providers of health care services. The study considered three factors in the analysis of health care leadership. The elements were inclusive of the factors affecting the performance of the leaders, organizational and governmental policies, and the individual position in the system. This article is a reliable source for my project because it examines various contexts that would affect the delivery of particular services by particular leaders. Following the demands of the role theory approach, every leader should have distinct roles in the process of health care provision. However, the availability and assignment of such different roles can be affected by the factors discussed in the article. Hence, it guides in ensuring that the positions available or assigned to leaders are free from conflicts. Malik, N., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). Authentic leadership and its impact on the extra role behavior of nurses: The mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of autonomy. Personnel Review, 46(2), 277-296. Malik and Dhar authored this article in 2017. It is was developed following the need to determine the interrelationships among three factors: authentic leadership, psychological capital, autonomy, and extra-role behavior. It included a study that involved 42 hospitals in determining the relationship between extra-role behavior and authentic leadership. Psychological capital played a mediating role in the evaluation of the link. Autonomy ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4 moderated the outcomes of the reactions between extra-role behavior and psychological capital. The article shows that autonomy and psychological capital are essential variables in measuring the influence of authentic leadership on the extra role behavior of employees. It also brings out the need for adequate training among healthcare professionals. Effective training equips them with the knowledge required before assigning them particular roles. This article applies to the final project. It encourages management departments in the health care industry to ensure adequate training of their supervisors, nurses, and other staff members. Also, the article guides on the reliable forms of leadership that should be adopted by the health care centers. Authentic leadership is one such form. An excellent kind of leadership would lead to effective assigning and execution of roles. Hence, the article acts as a reliable guide regarding the effectiveness in placing of roles. Strömgren, M., Eriksson, A., Ahlstrom, L., Bergman, D. K., & Dellve, L. (2017). Leadership quality: a factor important for social capital in healthcare organizations. Journal of health organization and management, 31(2), 175-191. Strömgren, Ericksson, Ahlstrom, Bergman, and Delve authored this article in 2017. The report was aimed at searching for the relationship between social capital and leadership in health care settings. Also, it discusses the leadership qualities that should be embraced by providers of treatment services to ensure the maintenance of social capital. The article was developed following a study performed on various employees from a hospital setting. Questionnaires were used to correct the data used in the research. Following the results of this work, it was clear that individual levels of social capital differed following differences in different levels of leadership experience. The most durable bond between social capital and leadership was achieved by exercising relation-oriented leadership. The article also ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 shows that circumstances determine the importance of different qualities of leadership in health centers. This article is useful in the development of my project. It does the relationship between leadership and social capital. Following the relationship, the discussion shows that good leadership is a necessity in the achievement of good social capital. Good leadership is defined as determined by how a health leader takes up leadership roles. Therefore, it is an excellent resource to encourage the sharing of roles effectively in modern health centers. It also guides on the use of different orientations and hence increases the chances of a person to fit in various positions. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 References Babinski, P. J. (2016). The Perceived Importance of Role-Specific Competencies for Health Care Leaders Establishes the Need to Expand Role Theory. The health care manager, 35(2), 164-179. Denis, J. L., & van Gestel, N. (2016). Medical doctors in healthcare leadership: theoretical and practical challenges. BMC health services research, 16(2), 158. Malik, N., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). Authentic leadership and its impact on the extra role behavior of nurses: The mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of autonomy. Personnel Review, 46(2), 277-296. Strömgren, M., Eriksson, A., Ahlstrom, L., Bergman, D. K., & Dellve, L. (2017). Leadership quality: a factor important for social capital in healthcare organizations. Journal of health organization and management, 31(2), 175-191. Running head: LEADERSHIP IN HEALTHCARE Leadership in Healthcare Introduction Healthcare is a very sensitive field that requires good leadership across all the departments. Good leadership ensures that patients receive quality services; employees working 1 LEADERSHIP IN HEALTHCARE 2 conditions are well set and help in keeping hospital records (Freund, 2017). Role theory explains that in leadership, the leaders and followers can define their roles and work according to the roles. Thesis statement: Healthcare facilities should embrace the role theory in leadership since it will help each employee to concentrate on their roles, and this will result in quality service delivery. Body Overview Role theory refers to what happens when individuals act the social activities and the results of doing it. Each employee is seen as an actor representing a typical person in a real-life situation. The individual performs a function that is associated with particular norms. Social norms affect how healthcare workers interact with patients (Freund, 2017). The leaders know that physicians have different social norms, but the use of role theory ensures that employees are working in accordance with their roles. Literature review Research by Hodder and Marples (2018) indicates that effective leadership models in healthcare enhance the sharing of knowledge among physicians. Practical leadership skills are acquired when physicians collaborate and prioritize multidisciplinary approaches in healthcare centers. In another study by Freund (2017) indicates that the theory is relevant in healthcare care since it embraces the social system practices. Advantages of role theory leadership LEADERSHIP IN HEALTHCARE • 3 In healthcare, it will fasten service delivery by the patients since each employee knows their roles • It reduces supervision by the leaders • Through acting out, one can formulate a certain behavior and test it in the audience, and if they respond positively, then he can use it in healthcare. • A composite can be constructed by collecting different scenarios where a social situation is acted out. • Since role-playing is quantifiable, leaders can document their experiences with employees and refer to the information in the future. Disadvantages of role theory • Some of the situations may fail to match real-life characteristics. • It is difficult to validate particular actions by the role player. • The leaders may assume that the physicians are working in accordance with their roles and fail to supervise. Role conflict Healthcare facilities that use this theory in leadership have various conflicts between the physicians and the leaders (Hodder and Marples, 2018). For instance, the role conflict may occur when the leader does not accept the role that the physicians think he should be performing. Solutions to roles conflict In a scenario where the leader notices role conflict with the employees, each party must review their respective roles once again (Freund, 2017). To prevent such a problem to occur the LEADERSHIP IN HEALTHCARE 4 top managers should keep a signed agreement with the physicians and nurses and ensure that once a conflict occurs when each person can take his responsibility. Why the role theory is recommended for healthcare leadership This type of leadership is simple and easy to implement since it only requires one act in their roles. When each party is acting their roles accordingly, then there will be no conflict. Conclusion Effective leadership is required in healthcare to help in improving service delivery. The leaders should act in a way that will transform the healthcare facilities by inventing technology that supports services delivery. When each person plays their role, then patient satisfaction will be met. References LEADERSHIP IN HEALTHCARE Freund, B. (2017). LEADERSHIP IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS. INTED2017 Proceedings. doi:10.21125/inted.2017.1755 Hodder, M., & Marples, S. (2018). Strategic Leadership for Healthcare Management. Effective Healthcare Leadership, 48-57. doi:10.1002/9780470774984.ch4 Winkler, I. (2009). Role Theory of Leadership. Contributions to Management Science, 75-83. doi:10.1007/978-3-7908-2158-1_10 5

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