(Mt) – Egerton University Project Planning and Budget Management Discussion

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1 Project Planning and Budget Management Student’s Name Instructor’s Name Institution Course Date 2 Project Planning and Budget Management Project planning assumes a fundamental job in helping guide partners, backers, groups, and the undertaking administrator through other task stages. Arranging is expected to distinguish wanted objectives, decrease dangers, maintain a strategic distance from missed cutoff times, and at last, convey the concurred item, administration, or result. Without cautious arranging, venture execution is more likely than not ensured to endure (Mudkhana, 2020). Undertaking arranging requires separating a more significant venture into assignments, amassing a task group, and deciding a calendar over which the work is finished. During this stage, you make littler objectives inside the more significant task, ensuring each is reachable inside the time frame. Planning is the second period of venture the board. It’s the place the extent of the task is spread out, where the course of events, costs, expectations, and the subtleties are resolved (Kerzner, 2017). These expectations are the place’s desires set, and suspicions are distinguished. Without this indispensable advance, it is practically sure things will get lost in an outright flood; that is, the venture group will undoubtedly miss pivotal subtleties, cutoff times, and long-run expectations. Consider venture arranging and its exercises the beginning and completion purpose of your task. All streets lead back to this stage, including your exercises and last expectations. Set aside the effort to back things off and plan all parts of your venture, including assignments, achievements, expectations, costs, assets, and all other potential contemplations before plunging into your undertaking. These achievements will help you maintain a strategic distance from a lot of worries during venture execution, just as partner dissatisfaction at the hour of conveyance. A project lives and bites the dust by its financial plan. Simply figuring a task can meet up with all the essential materials and Work, and those materials and works cost cash. Furthermore, in this new monetary reality, organizations are hoping to save money and less for those materials 3 and work while keeping up or in any event, expanding quality and degree. So how would you set up spending that will carry the undertaking to fulfilment while downplaying costs? That is the reason legitimate cost estimation is significant (Kerzner, 2018). Cost estimation in the venture the executives is the way toward gauging the monetary and different assets expected to finish an undertaking inside a characterized scope. Cost estimation represents every component required for the venture from materials to work and computes an aggregate sum that decides an undertaking’s spending plan. An underlying quote can determine whether an association green lights a venture and if the task pushes ahead, the gauge can be a factor in characterizing the undertaking’s extension. However, in any event, that the cost estimation comes in excessively high, an association may choose to pare down the undertaking to fit what they can manage. It is additionally required to start making sure about subsidizing for the venture. Once the project is moving, the quote is utilized to deal with the entirety of its associated costs to keep the task on the spending plan. There are two critical types of costs tended to by the cost estimation process: Direct expenses are the expenses related to a single region, for example, a division or this specific task itself. Instances of direct expenses incorporate fixed work, materials, and hardware (Mudkhana, 2020). Indirect expenses are costs acquired by the association everywhere, for example, utilities and quality control. Inside these, there are two classes of typical components that a cost estimation will consider including work is the expense of venture colleagues taking a shot at the undertaking, both as far as wages and time. Materials and gear are the expense of assets required for the undertaking, from physical devices to programming to valid licenses. Facilities are the expense of utilizing any working spaces not claimed by the association. Sellers are the expense 4 of employing outsider merchants or contractual workers. Risks are the expense of any emergency courses of action executed to diminish chance. 5 References Kerzner, H. (2018). Project management best practices: Achieving global excellence. John Wiley & Sons. Mudkhana, R. (2020). Business Planning and Project Management. 1 Project Planning and Budget Management Student’s Name Instructor’s Name Institution Course Date 2 Drawn in representatives can enable your association to accomplish its crucial, its techniques, what’s more, produce significant business results. This report has featured manners by which distinctive HR works, including work structure, enrollment, determination, preparation, pay, and execution, the board, can upgrade worker commitment (Kerzner, 2018). Be that as it may, these models likewise show that representative commitment is more mind-boggling than it might show up on the surface. Associations characterize and measure commitment in a wide range of always, recommending there is nobody right or best approach to characterize or animate commitment in your workforce. The choice to put resources into reinforcing commitment or duty or both relies upon an association’s technique and the cosmetics of its workforce. Checking and controlling the undertaking spending plan guarantees that just the fitting task changes are remembered for the spending standard. The activity of financial plan control is additionally a procedure of dealing with the financial plan. Spending the board is the procedure by which expenses or costs acquired on the task are officially distinguished, endorsed, and paid. Buy request structures are finished for each arrangement of related undertaking costs, for example, counselling administrations, hardware, and material expenses (Kerzner, 2017). Contingent upon the approval level, the buy request structures are endorsed by the task chief and recorded by the accounting unit for following, contributor announcing, and examining purposes. Controlling the financial plan is a fundamental obligation of the venture chief and is similarly significant that the association characterizes the jobs and duties of all gatherings engaged with spending control. The research clarifies the capacity point investigation and how it empowers programming designers to appraise expenses and conveyance plans dependent on endclient necessities for programming applications. Because of the disappointment rates and 3 over-financial plan and extended conveyance dates for programming applications, chiefs are utilizing strategies for evaluating, for example, work point examination, to keep these issues from happening. In area two, programming venture assessing impediments outlined the issues with programming advancement. The failure to evaluate extends well has been exorbitant as far as financial plan over-runs and late conveyance dates. Further chiefs have made some troublesome memories overseeing assets to create applications. The most excellent guilty party to inadequate assessment has been extension creep is a result of helpless correspondence and immature desires. The utilizing capacity point investigation segment talked about how supervisors could utilize direct work examination toward deciding. FPA furnishes the supervisor with a measurement to gauge and offer the client how much the venture will cost, and how long it will take to execute. A fundamental part of capacity focuses is the way they are resolved. FPs depend on the business necessities, not on the developer’s capacity to code, the innovation that is utilized, nor is programming language utilized to build up the application. 4 References Kerzner, H. (2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons. Budget Planning This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Budget Management • • • • Importance Estimating costs to compare and select Methods of Estimating Managing the Budget • Budget timeline • Budget variances This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Importance of budget planning • Cost is one of the three project constraints • A budget is a plan or forecast • Cost management also includes tracking and managing variances from the planned expenditures • Detailed estimates are important This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Estimating costs to compare and select projects • Payback, rate of return or NPV (or combine them) • Need accurate numbers but must balance with the cost of getting more accurate estimates This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Estimating methods • Analogous estimate • Find a similar project or task and assume this one will be the same or similar • The more experience the estimator has, the better this works • Learn from each project • DPCI (Darnell-Preston Complexity Index) can help with benchmarking • Parametric estimate • Parameters such as number of square feet for a building; number of kitchens, bathrooms, etc. for a house. • Bottom-up estimating • Estimate each item or task and add them together • Generally more accurate but takes more effort to create This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Estimating Guidelines • Don’t gold-plate: estimate what you expect, and meet that estimate. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Managing the Budget • Cash flow • Make a plan of WHEN the outflows will occur, and ensure that the money is available on time • Contingency reserves • For unexpected expenses that arise during the project • There are almost always some surprises, but can’t predict at the start what it will be • Project Manager does not allocate to the sub-projects but manages it centrally • Can be spent and still be within the original project budget • Management Reserves • For scope changes • Not likely to be spent; not part of project baseline This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Reporting Progress: Earned value management Budgeted Cost of work Scheduled BCWS Detailed estimates for each activity in the project Planned Value PV Total budgeted cost as of a certain date in the project Earned Value EV Budgeted cost of the completed work as of a certain date in the project Actual Cost AC Actual cost of the completed work as of a certain date in the project Budget at Completion BAC Total budgeted costs for the entire project This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Project Cost Chart $50,000 BAC $45,000 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $February March April May June July Budget Baseline This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Budget Baseline and Project Cost Chart • The project budget is usually shown graphically, illustrating the cumulative planned spending. • Typical shape for the budget curve is s-shaped, with less spending at the beginning and end of the project. • Add the periodic expenditures on a regular basis to create the Project Cost Chart. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Project Cost Chart (up to May) $50,000 BAC $45,000 $40,000 AC $35,000 $30,000 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $February March April Actual Expenditures This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). May June July Budget Baseline Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Schedule Variance: SV • Difference between planned and actual progress SV=EV-PV • Positive value: project is ahead of schedule • Zero: project is on-time • Negative: project is behind schedule This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Cost Variance: CV • The difference between the earned value and the actual cost is the cost variance: CV=EV-AC • If positive, you are achieving more than you predicted for the money • If zero, you are right on the plan • If negative, you are achieving less than you predicted for the money This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Schedule Performance Index: SPI • Compares progress on the scope to spending: SPI = EV/PV • SPI less than one indicates the project is behind schedule • SPI of one is right on schedule • SPI greater than one the project is ahead of schedule This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Cost Performance Index: CPI • Compares the budget spent to date with progress to date: CPI=EV/AC • A value greater than one: under budget • Equal to one: on budget • Less than one: overspending the budget This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Estimated Cost to Complete the Project: ETC • Formula to use depends on what the PM expects with regard to future project costs and whether the original budget assumptions remain valid This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning ETC if past variances are not expected to continue: ETC = BAC – EV This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning ETC if past variances are expected to continue at the same level ETC = (BAC – EV)/CPI This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Estimated Final Project Cost: EAC EAC = ETC + AC This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Budget Timeline • Contractual agreements often require partial payments • Prepare a schedule, based on contractual and other expenditure requirements This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Budget Management Summary • Cost estimations may be used to choose between options • Managing the budget includes • • • • Estimating costs and setting a budget Determining when the budgeted costs should occur Tracking expenditures Managing variances between the budget and the expenditures • Methods of Estimating • Analogous, Parametric, Bottom-up • Managing the Budget • Budget timeline • Budget variances This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Budget Management Summary (continued) • Budgeting and Cost Management are important activities for project managers • There are several methods for estimating the costs • Estimated costs may be used to choose between options • Project progress and budget management are closely related and can be managed with indices: BCWS, PV, SV, AC, CV, SPI, CPI, ETC, BAC and EAC • Contingency funds allow for the unexpected • Reporting to the team and to management are important components in budget management This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning Questions? This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY). Project Management Chapter 12: Budget Planning

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