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Running head: CHARTING THE HUMMINGBIRD EFFECT Charting the Humming Bird Effect Andrea Francis Grantham University 1 CHARTING THE HUMMINGBIRD EFFECT 2 Charting the Humming Bird Effect The evolution of the vehicle is a perfect illustration of the hummingbird effect. The chief idea is that there will be mass production of driverless hybrid cars as the primary form of transportation in the next decade. In this connection figure, 1.0 and figure 2.0 are charts that show trends in the automobile industry. For instance, Hennessy and Hester (2011) aver that steam-powered vehicles characterized the 18th century. He and Ji (2012) acknowledge the significance of Joseph Cugnot adopted a steam engine to enhance vehicle mobility. The technology incorporated heating water, which formed steam that pushed pistons hence facilitating locomotion. Figure 1.0. A Chart Expounding the Humming Bird Effect associated with the Development of the Automobile. CHARTING THE HUMMINGBIRD EFFECT 3 Gasoline/ Diesel Cars from the 20th Century Electric vehicle and hybrid vehicles from the 21st century Combustion vehicle from the 19th Century Steam vehicle from the 18th Century Figure 2.0. A Pictorial explanation of Figure 1.0 of Trends in the Development of the Automobiles Mass production of driverless hybrid vehicles in the next decade CHARTING THE HUMMINGBIRD EFFECT 4 The other significant development was the creation of the internal combustion engine. Hennessy and Hester (2011) argue that in the 19th-century, combustion engines used petroleum oriented forms of fuel. The fuel for these vehicles replaced the previous mechanism of heating water to form steam, which later would propel the needed pistons. In this connection, it is worth mentioning that Karl Benz is recognized for building the first internal combustion engine (Hennessy & Hester, 2011). The other types of cars that revolutionized the automobile industry were diesel and gasoline cars in the 20th century. It is worth mentioning that automobiles in the 19th century consumed lots of fuel and emitted a lot of smoke. Similarly, such vehicles were also slow as compared to the ones manufactured in the 20th century. Conversely, it is during this era that saw a rise in the number of vehicle manufacturers such as Ford, Mercedes, and Toyota. According to CHARTING THE HUMMINGBIRD EFFECT 5 Hennessy and Hester (2011), the increase in the spread of such vehicles stemmed from increased availability of petroleum globally. However, increased population and reduced sources of oil led to the creation of both electric and hybrid cars. It is worth mentioning that gasoline vehicles also polluted the environment to the extent of causing adverse climatic impacts around the globe. The formulation of electric cars was meant to reduce and even obliterate the harmful effects associated with diesel and gasoline-oriented vehicles. Companies such as Tesla Inc have been leading in the production of electric cars. However, the cost of production of such vehicles is high. The other challenge is that such cars take an average of three hours to get charged entirely (Hennessy & Hester, 2011). Therefore, this necessitated the production of hybrid vehicles that use both gasoline and electric energy as sources of fuel. Inherently, progress associated with the formulation of driverless hybrid cars will characterize the next phase of vehicle production (Kaur & Rampersand, 2018). It is because these cars will provide increased safety levels as compared to conventional drivers. The changes associated with the evolution of the vehicle shows the significance of the hummingbird effect. CHARTING THE HUMMINGBIRD EFFECT 6 References He, Z., & Ji, X. (2012). Nonlinear robust control of integrated vehicle dynamics. Vehicle System Dynamics, 50(2), 247–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2011.578217 Hennessy, K., & Hester, B. L. (2011). Car : the definitive visual history of the automobile. DK Publishing. Kaur, K., & Rampersad, G. (2018). Trust in driverless cars: Investigating key factors influencing the adoption of driverless cars. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 48, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2018.04.006 Running head: PARADIGM SHIFTS 1 Paradigm Shifts Andrea Francis Grantham University PARADIGM SHIFTS 2 Paradigm Shifts Summary of Status Quo before the Chosen Idea The status quo in the 20th century was that consumers would always need to travel to several stores for their shopping needs. The standard way of life was for shoppers to go to supermarkets and even malls to make purchases. The use of cash was also the common practice as the technology was not yet sufficiently advanced to foster other forms of payment. Before the invention of e-commerce, social media marketing, and a cashless society, people were comfortable with physically assessing the goods before making purchases. However, according to Nation Master (2019), such a system is considered inefficient in the 21st century and more so as we are entering the third decade. How the Chosen Idea Challenges the Status Quo The incorporation of a cashless economy that complements e-commerce practices is an innovation that creates a paradigm shift in society’s modus-operandum. Inherently, cashless economies that involve making purchases online are bound to make the entire process efficient in terms of time for the consumer. Moreover, Shukla and Singh (2018) adduce that even store owners will have reduced costs of doing business as they will only need to market their products online. Consumers, on the other hand, can get their desired goods or products from the comfort of their homes. Product reviews make it possible for sellers to ensure that they acquire and retain consumers lest they become obsolete in this era (Nation Master, 2019). Moreover, virtual wallets, cryptocurrency, credit cards, as well as mobile-commerce (M-commerce) applications revolutionize the global financial sector. This has promoted a paradigm shift in how business transactions are conducted. How the Chosen Idea is Superior to the Prevailing Way of Thinking PARADIGM SHIFTS Cash-less economies that complement e-commerce marketing concerning enhanced use of social media handles are superior to traditional practices. According to Shukla and Singh (2018), social media marketing has revolutionized how people do business. In this connection, diverse social media handles such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Tik-Tok, Weibo, and WhatsApp are transforming business operations. Further still, individuals can make banking transactions online. This option was not available in the past, and thus it was unsafe for people to carry large sums of cash to make transactions. However, current cashless methods are making it possible to increase consumer purchasing power as one does not immediately notice when they do not have cash. In the future, it is expected that there will be the complete eradication of physical purchases as well as change from using money. Application of Idea to a Problem The current problems that need to be solved concerns the high rate of cyber-related crimes that may thwart the successful implementation of social-media oriented online purchases, and the enhancement of a digital society. According to Nation Master (2019), ecommerce has paved the way for individuals with malicious intent to target a diverse number of online stores. Therefore, the incorporation of cryptocurrencies as the primary components of online sales and the cashless economy will prove useful in the 21st century. Similarly, one observes that with the high cost of real estate development, online purchases will balance the economic forces across the globe. The reason is that people will shy off from renting expensive stores and choose affordable ones. Summary of Findings and Future Lessons One observes that in the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, the typical purchasing method was physically going to the stores and making the necessary transactions. One also 3 PARADIGM SHIFTS observes that people would carry physical cash to make financial transactions. However, such systems were inefficient as they limited the consumer’s time and security. Therefore, a paradigm shift that involves a cashless economy that incorporates cryptocurrency has revolutionized business practices. In addition, social media and related online transactions have made it possible for people to sell from the comfort of their homes. The insights show that it is integral not prepare for change as technological advancement will create paradigm shifts in all areas of life. 4 PARADIGM SHIFTS 5 References Nation Master. (2019). E-commerce 2019: Online shopping trends and statistics. Retrieved from Nationmaster.com website: https://www.nationmaster.com/ecommerce Shukla, A., & Singh, Y. (2018). Cashless Economy: A Changing Paradigm. Commerce Today, 12(01). https://doi.org/10.29320/jnpgct.v12i01.10992 Running head: TECHNOLOGY AND THE “ADJACENT POSSIBLE” Technology and the “Adjacent Possible” Andrea Francis Grantham University 1 TECHNOLOGY AND THE “ADJACENT POSSIBLE” 2 Technology and the “Adjacent Possible” Section I Survey of Current Adjacent Possible Technological advancement is a phenomenon that all individuals in modern society ought to adapt. The reason stems from the fact that change is the only independent variable as far as societal progress is concerned. In this connection, the current technological advancement is the shift from non-renewable energy sources to alternative sources of fuels. According to Gustin and Rodde (2010), petroleum-based sources of energy have been depreciating due to increased demand. The high demand is a result of a rise in the global population. Furthermore, increased environmental impacts of petroleum-based energy sources have warranted the need to adopt other energy sources. In this connection, Facer and Sandford (2010) that scientists introduced other energy sources such as wind energy, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and biomass as the primary energy sources. Furthermore, Puiu (2019) avers that affirmative action that proposes the complete elimination of petroleum due to its harmful effects on the atmosphere has warranted the need to adopt other forms of energy. Therefore, one anticipates the infinitesimal usage of renewable energy sources. There is an increased likelihood of a rise in use of biomass, as its potential has not yet been fully tapped (Gustin & Rodde, 2010). Conversely, one expects a shift in the modes of transportation from conventional vehicles to those that use electric energy. According to Massiani (2013), there is considerable progress in TECHNOLOGY AND THE “ADJACENT POSSIBLE” 3 the making of electric cars with companies such as Tesla leading other companies in the development of such vehicles. It is, however, worth mentioning that it is unlikely to have complete usage of electric vehicles as there are challenges involved in the charging of the cars. Besides, the price of a typical electric vehicle is way higher than that of conventional vehicles. Therefore, Facer and Sandford (2010) argue that one expects a rise of hybrid cars as the primary game-changer in the next decade. Section II: Assessment of the World a Decade from Now In the next ten years, technology is likely to change considerably. For instance, one anticipates the interconnection of devices, whereby gadgets will be able to communicate with each other (Puiu, 2019). For example, the networking of gadgets such as the refrigerator, CCTV cameras, and trash cans is expected to make life excellent for people in the future. This phenomenon is referred to as the Internet of Things. The next phenomenon is the rise of automated vehicles that travel on autopilot. According to Puiu (2019), driverless vehicles are a phenomenon in which human beings ought to adjust and familiarize themselves. California was among the earliest states to allow the formal usage of driverless cars. The other technological change in the next ten years includes the manifestation of advanced three-dimensional (3D) printing. According to Facer and Sandford (2010), technology has extensively been used by billion-dollar automotive companies in the development of luxury vehicles. However, one expects that in the next ten years, 3D printing will be available to the public, whereby people will be able to access the technology. Section III: Justification for Section II TECHNOLOGY AND THE “ADJACENT POSSIBLE” 4 The relevance of the Internet of Things in the next ten years has commenced and is progressing rapidly. For instance, it is possible to now control room temperature from any geographical location in the world through the smartphone. Furthermore, it is possible for alarms at home to alert the owner at any geographic location. Facer and Sandford (2010) expect further development on the Internet of Things. Conversely, driverless cars are on the rise, mainly in developed countries (Facer & Sandford, 2010). 3D printing, on the other hand, is expected to rise in the next ten years following high demand and reduction in the cost of accessing such technology. Nonetheless, it is expected that there will be an increase in the number of driverless cars as well as hybrid vehicles around the globe. TECHNOLOGY AND THE “ADJACENT POSSIBLE” 5 References Facer, K., & Sandford, R. (2010). The next 25 years?: future scenarios and future directions for education and technology. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26(1), 74–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2009.00337.x Gustin, R., & Rodde, B. (2010). Transportation in the 21st Century. Retrieved December 30, 2019, from Stanford.edu website: https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/trade_environment/energy/htrans.html Massiani, J. (2013). SP Surveys for Electric and Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Are We Doing the Right Thing? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2217321 Puiu, T. (2019, May 28). The ‘Next Big Things’ in Science Ten Years from Now. Retrieved December 30, 2019, from ZME Science website: https://www.zmescience.com/science/the-next-big-things-in-science-ten-years-from-now/ TECHNOLOGY AND THE “ADJACENT POSSIBLE” 6 TECHNOLOGY AND THE “ADJACENT POSSIBLE” 7 Running head: IDEA NETWORK 1 Idea Network Andrea Francis Grantham University IDEA NETWORK 2 Idea Network Mass Production of Driverless Hybrid Cars My Take My Take Things to be added My design -Solar panels windows and surface covers -Incorporate use of human option in driving -Ensures humans can override driving technology -Design should include a solar panel of windows as well as cover of the car Brain Trust Expert in Car Industry Expert in Car Industry Comments about design A friend Comment about design -Ensure there use renewable sources of energy -Eliminate conventional drivers. -Should increase safety Classmate Comments about design -Eliminate conventional drivers. -Use technology to drive the car. IDEA NETWORK -Incorporate conventional drivers. -Taking too long for batteries to charge 3 Running head: SOCIOLOGY 1 Problem Brainstorming Andrea Francis Grantham University SOCIOLOGY 2 Problem Brainstorming Some of the issue’s individuals encounter require serious brainstorming so that the problem can be solved successfully. Patience is, indeed, a virtue. In my life, I have been struggling to find a new home where I could be free to pay rent. I also needed a spacious room where we could fit together with my family members. After saving for one year, I bought a second-hand house, which we eventually vacated with my family. Thus, the problem was half solved because the house seemed messy, so it needed a thorough renovation. The worst part of it the house was leaking, but I did know the specific place where the problem was. On the other hand, I had financial issues meaning that I couldn’t make it call the pros to seek out the problem. Thus the brainstorming processes started where I decided to repair the leaking wall on my own (Ramadan, 2017). The little I had, I prioritized it to feed my family members overpaying an individual to repair the leaking wall and doing house renovation. I spent several days on how I could tackle the problem, and along the way, I could record day to day progress towards developing the solution. Mini-journal 12/01/2001 – I started the process of identifying the pinholes in the house. It is was a nervewracking process because I am not an expert in that work. I had no materials like the moisture meter, and in the process, I was used to using the infrared camera of my mobile phone. On this day, I didn’t identify any pinholes, but the water was still leaking because it was a rainy season. 15/01/2001- on this day, I decided to check the problem from the plumbing equipment. The first step was to turn off all the faucets and the appliances that use water channel in my house. I had to indicate the number on the water meter and wait for at least six hours to check the water SOCIOLOGY 3 meter. To determine if the water was coming from the plumbing appliances, I could check if the water usage had increased in the water meter. 20/01/2001 -on this day, I had an idea of checking on the exterior above-grade issues. Thus, I checked for clogged gutters, downspouts, and if there were signs of water penetrations on the vents, windows, and doors. On checking those signs, the places were well-maintained, meaning that I had to move on with the brainstorming process. 22/01/2001- I spent the whole day researching the problem, and eventually, I found an article about interior plumbing. Moreover, I consulted friends who advised me accordingly on developing the solution to the leakage problem. I observed the walls as it was raining and observed that the water was leaking from the walls. Thus, repairing the wall was not a big deal for me because we were restoring my mum’s house when we were children. It follows to determine the exact place of the leak, cut the wall open, and replace the damaged sections. Finally, I patched the wall using sand, prime, and paint. Reflection After very many days of brainstorming about the significant problem, I eventually identified the source of the problem and repaired it. It means that when solving any problem, brainstorming is essential so that to come up with the solution. Brainstorming requires patience. It means that to solve the problem, one must apply the slow hunch. It starts by first identifying the problem and then solving it. The process of determining the problem may take a lot of time, but on the way, one must develop solution techniques so that to come up with the real solution to the issue. Considering my issue, I had to spend many days on identifying where the leak was coming from. Besides, their factors that can speed up the development of a solution like working together SOCIOLOGY 4 as a group or doing research. In my problem, I had never had a group. Still, I applied the interconnected environment where I used knowledge and skills I learned earlier, and also I did research and consulted from friends to find the solution. SOCIOLOGY 5 References Ramadan, R. A. (2017). Fuzzy brain storming optimisation algorithm. International Journal of Intelligent Engineering Informatics, 5(1), 67-79. Running head: LOOKING FOR SERENDIPITY Looking for Serendipity Andrea Francis Grantham University 1 LOOKING FOR SERENDIPITY 2 Looking for Serendipity In charting the hummingbird effect, an insight into the evolution of vehicles was discussed. This discussion has been useful in looking for serendipity as it has promoted the formulation of three critical ideas. They include the rise of disruptive technology such as Uber, the manifestation of drone technology, and the interconnection of traffic lights. The relevance of the three ideas makes it possible for one to understand the best way to harness luck in the contemporary traveling era. All personalities living in most urban centers own a smartphone. As such, they are aware of the billion-dollar conglomerate known as Uber. According to Horn (2016), Uber is a company that offers transportation services in the form of cabs. However, it does now own the entire fleet of vehicles. What this means is that the business entity makes earnings when users make use of the app as a means of transport. In the past, people were victims of carjacking and even hiking of cab fares. What this means is that the taxi drivers had a high bargaining capability over their customers. Even so, the drivers themselves would fear for their safety in case they drove passengers with malicious intent. In looking for serendipity, Uber helped level the playing field by ensuring that both the passengers and the drivers are safe (Horn, 2016). Further still, any illegal activity that happens will result in legal action against any driver working for Uber. The other idea that has aided humankind in finding serendipity is the rise of the drone systems for delivering goods. In this respect, Boysen et al. (2018) attest that Amazon has adopted the use of drones in delivering packaged goods to customers. The significance of drone technology is that it does not result in the emission of harmful gases. This makes people lucky as they do not have to face the challenge stemming from air pollution. Further still, it is LOOKING FOR SERENDIPITY worth mentioning that drone technology will be useful in delivering goods to consumers who live in areas with poor infrastructure (Boysen et al. 2018). The outcome is a reduced rate of vehicle depreciation hence making the entire process economical. Drone delivery also offers serendipity as medicines and food can be delivered to inaccessible areas that have been affected by natural calamities such as floods. Conversely, the interconnection of traffic lights through the use of the internet of things technology offers serendipity to people. According to the Telegraph (2014), this technology uses magnetic sensors that can analyze and determine the movement of traffic within the roads. As a result, it provides an efficient way of preventing accidents as well as traffic jams. 3 LOOKING FOR SERENDIPITY 4 References Boysen, N., Briskorn, D., Fedtke, S., & Schwerdfeger, S. (2018). Drone delivery from trucks: Drone scheduling for given truck routes. Networks, 72(4), 506–527. https://doi.org/10.1002/net.21847 Horn, M. (2016, June 21). Uber, Disruptive Innovation, and Regulated Markets. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelhorn/2016/06/20/uber-disruptive-innovationand-regulated-markets/ The Telegraph. (2014, December 3). What The Roads Of The Future Could Look Like Business Insider. Business Insider; Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/what-the-roads-of-the-future-could-look-like-201412?IR=T Running head: TRIAL & ERROR 1 Trial & Error Andrea Francis Grantham University TRIAL & ERROR 2 TRIAL & ERROR One time that I used the method of trial and error to determine a solution was when I began potty training my daughter Emily. She had just turned two and I knew many moms at work whom advised me that I should begin trying to put her on the potty. So, as I do with many problems, I asked for proven advise on the topic from those moms, my family and of course I researched on YouTube. So, the trial and error began with simply letting her run around the house without a pamper. This method was proven to be a total fail for me. Emily would simply not use the potty, but instead would just pee or poop on the floor-how fun. Then I tried the have her sit on the potty every hour trick, this also proved to not be effective for little miss Emily. The next method that was tried was giving her rewards like snacks and stickers-this was short lived. She would only sit on the potty to receive a reward. As soon as I stopped giving out those stickers, her using the potty came to an immediate halt. Next up was the YouTube highly regarded potty watch-waste. She did not like it on her wrist and made no difference. At this point I began thinking maybe she was not ready to begin. I started to worry that she would be behind the curve-mom worries. Then 5 months into her being two something shifted, she began coming to my husband and myself letting us know if she used her pamper. She would not allow us to let her sit in her soiled pamper so I began to think maybe she was ready to try at potty training again. This time I would simply put her on the potty as soon as she woke up and as soon as she returned home from day care. After a week of her consistently using at those two hit times, I spoke to her day care providers and ask them to put her on the potty there. Every day they would give me a report of if she used the potty or not. About two weeks into our joint efforts she was sleeping through the night without any accidents. Then out of know where she was pulling down her own Pull ups and going on the TRIAL & ERROR potty then coming to one of us to wipe her up before pulling back up her Pull up. I can happily say my two-year-old is Potty trained and wearing big girl undies. Yes, here or there she may have an accident, but I am as proud as any mom can be. I definitely learned that a child will do everything in their own time. Sparrow states, “often parents are ready for potty-training well before their children are”. This was very much the case with my daughter and I. at the age of two I truly believe it was time to hit training, but she was not ready. I believe more than anything I wanted to make sure she was hitting all the developmental milestones the moms at works told me were “normal”. One trick I think helped my daughter to want to use the potty on her own was taking her to the bathroom when I did. She saw what mommy did and wanted to emulate. Many kids may learn through imitation. Studies has shown that kids with older siblings tend to become potty trained prior to those that are not due to the wanting to be like their sibling tendencies. 3 TRIAL & ERROR 4 References SPARROW, J. D. Getting Ready for Potty Training. Scholastic Parent & Child, [s. l.], v. 11, n. 5, p. 63–64, 2004. Disponível em: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=12648050&site=ehostlive. Acesso em: 28 jan. 2020. Running head: INNOVATION THRIVES UNDER MARKET FORCES Innovation thrives under market forces Andrea Francis Grantham University 1 INNOVATION THRIVES UNDER MARKET FORCES 2 Introduction Innovations are essential for growth in any economy, and their rate of increase differs in both the free market and non-market. Most of the reasons behind these differences lie in the different structures and characteristics in these markets. In a free-market production of goods and services is promoted with less control from the government, but in non-market, there is government control over the activities taking place. The paper seeks to support the argument that the best source of innovation is found in a free-market. The support opinions why innovations thrive best in free markets Real innovation is from a free-market economy, and innovation sustains continued growth. This is because, in the free-market, innovations can pivot quickly as the times change into different directions and dimensions. A good explanation of this point is the presence of competition among the available organization, which leads to the generation of new ideas in response to the increased completion. As a result, organizations innovate new technologies to have a competitive advantage in the market, an issue that is usually absent in non-market economies. Johnson talks of the collaboration of entrepreneurs in driving innovation, but this process is slow as compared to the completion driven process (Johnson, 2015). In a competitive environment, all organizations work tirelessly to outdo each other concerning commanding the market, and hence this leads to more innovations. Where the government largely controls the economic activates specifically in the nonmarket economies, there is worse performance concerning innovation in the long run simply because they are more rigid and lacks flexibility. Freedom is the biggest driver of the creation of new ideas, products, and services in the free market. Individuals are empowered to utilize their potential as they don’t produce what the government dictates to them. There are no limits to INNOVATION THRIVES UNDER MARKET FORCES 3 creativity as it is in non-markets due to control measures put in place. Due to this freedom, more innovation emerges in free markets. Free markets are also driven by profits, an aspect that has been a great contributor to innovation (Kates, 2017). Most innovations are meant to increase profits and facilitate the attainment of organizational goals. Johnson supports his argument from history that innovation is not only linked to incentives, but it comes from the creation of environments where ideas can be generated (Johnson, 2015). This may be true to some extent, and it was applicable in the early years, but in the current world, more organizations are profit-driven. Therefore innovations are observed in organizations set up in free-market economies. Another reason proving the existence or more innovation is free markets is the dynamic nature of the market and the entry of new entrepreneurs. In the free market, innovation is the ultimate source of progress and has been the most significant contributor to success. Because of new ideas brought in by the new entrepreneurs, more innovations emerge a situation that is not available in non-markets. Furthermore, in a free market, workers always want to earn more money to meet their needs and live comfortable lives. The increased productivity promotes more innovations. Conclusion Innovations promote enterprises and are facilitators of growth in any market. Even though more innovations are created in a free-market economy, control that may prevent innovation in non-markets should be reduced to ensure a balance in technological advancement in both markets. As a result, balanced growth in innovations can be realized. INNOVATION THRIVES UNDER MARKET FORCES 4 References Johnson, S. (2015). How we got to now: Six innovations that made the modern world. Riverhead Books. Kates, S. (2017). Free market economics: An introduction for the general reader. Edward Elgar Publishing.
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