(Mt) – RES 500 Saudi Electronic University Employee Turnover in Public Sector

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Chapter 13 STAGE 3: COLLECT, PREPARE, AND EXAMINE DATA Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-1 Learning Objectives Understand . . .  The tasks of data collection.  The use of content analysis to post-code textual and verbal data.  The importance of editing raw data to assure it is complete, accurate, and correctly coded.  The exploratory data analysis techniques that provide visual representations of the data.  How cross-tabulation examines relationships between variables. Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-2 Data Collection, Preparation, and Examination in the Research Process Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-3 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete/return instrument Enter the data Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-4 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete/return instrument Enter the data Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-5 Instrument Disposition Mail Fax Criteria Drop box Email Upload Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-6 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete & return instrument Enter the data Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-7 Invitations Purpose Disclosure Incentives Activities Involved Factors to Consider Script Screens Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-8 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete & return instrument Enter the data Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-9 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete & return instrument Enter the data Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-10 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete & return instrument Enter the data Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-11 Data Concepts Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-12 Partial Data File Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-13 Partial Data File Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-14 Partial Coding Scheme Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-15 Partial Coding Scheme Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-16 Prepare the Data: 2 Tasks PostCollection Coding of Data Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Editing Data 13-17 Editing Criteria Accurate Complete Criteria Appropriately Coded Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-18 Editing Field editing  Entry gaps identified  Ad-hoc notes translated  Data validation Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-19 Precoding Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-20 Post-Coding Open-Ended Questions 6. What prompted you to purchase your most recent life insurance policy? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-21 Units within Content Analysis Context Sampling Recording Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-22 Types of Recording Units Syntactical Referential Propositional Thematic Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-23 Content Analysis Displays Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-24 Proximity Plot Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-25 Appropriately Coded for Analysis Appropriate to the research problem Exhaustive Categories should be… Mutually exclusive Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Derived from one classification principle 13-26 Edit for Accuracy Intra-rater Reliability Inter-rater Reliability Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-27 Handling “Don’t Know” Responses Question: Do you have a productive relationship with your present salesperson? Years of Purchasing No Don’t Know 10% 40% 38% 1 – 3 years 30 30 32 4 years or more 60 30 30 65% n = 650 15% n = 150 20% n = 200 Less than 1 year Total Yes Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-28 Types of DK responses Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-29 Recoding Locus of Responsibility Mentioned A. Company _____________ B. Customer _____________ C. Joint CompanyCustomer _____________ F. Other _____________ Not Mentioned Locus of Responsibility _______________ A. Management 1. Sales manager _______________ 2. Sales process 3. Other _______________ 4. No action area identified B. Management _______________ 1. Training C. Customer 1. Buying processes 2. Other 3. No action area identified D. Environmental conditions E. Technology F. Other Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Frequency (n = 100) 10 20 7 3 15 12 8 5 20 13-30 Recoding Variable requires new mapping rules Merges initial variable categories May reduce the data level of the initial variable May change statistical operations for variable Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-31 Data Entry Keyboarding Digital/ Barcodes Database Programs Optical Recognition Voice recognition Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-32 Missing Data Types Data missing completely at random (MCAR) Data missing at random (MAR) Data missing but not missing at random (NMAR) Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-33 Missing Data Correction Techniques Listwise Deletion Pairwise Deletion Predictive Replacement Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-34 Data Analysis Techniques Exploratory Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Confirmatory 13-35 Role of EDA in the Research Process Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-36 Frequency Table: Appropriate Social Networking Age Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-37 Pie Graph Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-38 Bar Graph Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-39 Frequency Table Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-40 Histogram Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-41 Stem-and-Leaf Display Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-42 Pareto Diagram Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-43 Boxplot Components Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-44 Diagnostics with Boxplots Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-45 Boxplot Comparison Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-46 Mapping Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-47 SPSS Cross-Tabulation Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-48 Percentages in Cross-Tabulation Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-49 Guidelines for Using Percentages Higher number is denominator Don’t average unless weighted To average, weight by group size Changes = never >100% Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-50 Cross-Tabulation with Control and Nested Variables Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-51 Automatic Interaction Detection (AID) Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-52 Key Terms  Automatic interaction          detection (AID) Boxplot Cell Coding scheme Confirmatory data analysis (CFA) Content analysis Context units Contingency table Control variable Cross-tabulation Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Data collection  Data entry  Data field  Data file  Data preparation  Data record  Data validation  Data base  “Don’t Know” (DK response  Editing 13-53 Key Terms (cont.)  Exploratory data analysis          (EDA) Five-number summary Frequency table Histogram Instrument disposition Interquartile range (IQR) Inter-rater reliability Intra-rater reliability Listwise deletion Marginals Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Missing Data  Data missing at random (MAR)  Data missing but not missing at random (NMAR)  Data missing completely at random (MCAR)  Nonresistant statistics  Outliers  Pairwise deletion  Pareto diagram  Precode  Predictive replacement 13-54 Key Terms (cont.)  Recoding  Recording units  Resistant statistics  Sampling units  Stem-and-leaf display  Survey activation Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-55 College of Administrative and Financial Sciences Critical Thinking Assignment 5: Module – 11-13 Deadline: End of Week 13 Course Name: Academic Writing and Student’s Name: Research Skills Course Code: RES500 Student’s ID Number: Term: CRN: Academic Year: For Instructor’s Use only Instructor’s Name: Students’ Grade: Marks Obtained/Out of 160 marks Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low Regulations: ✓ This assignment is an individual assignment. ✓ Support your submission with course material concepts, principles, and theories from the textbook along with few scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles. ✓ Use Saudi Electronic University academic writing standards and APA style guidelines, citing references as appropriate. ✓ Submit your findings in a 10-12 page document, excluding the title page, abstract and required reference page, which are never a part of the minimum content requirements, in the Assignment Dropbox. ✓ It is strongly encouraged that you submit all assignments to the Turnitin Originality Check (available under Information folder on your Blackboard) prior to submitting them to your instructor for grading. If you are unsure how to submit an assignment to the Originality Check tool, review the TurnItIn Originality Check – Student Guide for step-by-step instructions. An Overview about Assignment submission Time & grades: Type of Assignment Posting Date Due date Marks Critical thinking Week 11 End of Week 13 160 Grace period* * Grace Period: with accepted excuse (accepted by instructor) with deduction of 10% for late submission 1 No Module 11-13 Assignment-VI: Final research proposal (160 points) This is your final assignment for which a sample format is provided in the blackboard (Week 11 materials). It is already attached in the next page. You must submit the same as per the given sample format. Adherence to the format is necessary. This final research proposal must contain all the stages and processes involved in a typical research proposal. Read the Chapter 16 of your textbook to have a clarity on writing a report or proposal. Answers Start from Next Page in the given Format 2 RESEARCH PROPOSAL On INSERT TITLE HERE By [Your Full Name Here] Enrolment No. xxxxxxx [Insert Degree Name] [Insert Department Name] [Insert Name of College] [Insert Course Code: xxxxx] [Insert Branch Name] Date of Submission: DD MM 20YY Supervisor Name: Dr. Xxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxx 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 General Introduction 1.2 Research Questions 1.3 Research Objectives 1.4 Significance of the Study Chapter 2. Literature Review 2.1 Heading 1 2.2 Heading 2 2.3 Heading 3 2.4 Hypotheses (If any) Chapter 3. Methodology Adopted 3.1 Research Approach 3.2 Research Design Chapter 4. Proposed Data Analysis Chapter 5. Implementation Plan Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. References Appendices (Questionnaire) 4 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. General Introduction This is a sample. Replace with your own. We, human beings, are continuously evolving as indispensable thinking creatures of the universe. The man has come a very long way and has rightly made great strides in almost every conceivable field of achievement. Scientific breakthroughs and technological advancements have enhanced our confidence in understanding or even conquering the nature at large. The man is regarded to be in the midst of best of times, the world have ever witnessed. Some fifty years back, no one could have imagined the level of the technological feat or the extent of global integration of countries which we are experiencing now. Considering the increasing share of emerging economies in the global growth, there have been substantial improvements in enriching the lives of millions of people around the globe. 1.2. Research Questions This is a sample. Replace with your own. The research questions is one of the most important parts of your research project, thesis or dissertation. It’s important to spend some time assessing and refining your question before you get started. The exact form of your question will depend on the length of your project, the type of research, the topic, and the research problem. But all research questions should be focused, specific, appropriately complex, and relevant to a social or scholarly issue. The research questions for this study are: 1) What are the skills & resources required for the success of social enterprises & what are those skills where the enterprise can invest in? 2) What are the input factors for implementing the social enterprise evaluation process? 1.3. Research Objectives This is a sample. Replace with your own. Formulating research objectives in an appropriate manner is one of the most important aspects of your thesis. This is because research aim and objectives determine the scope, depth and the overall direction of the research. Research question is the central question of the study that has to be answered on the basis of research findings. The objectives of a sample thesis are given under: 5 Hence, the research, “Title of your research’’ has been formulated with the following primary objective: 1) To get a deeper understanding of the critical success factors of social enterprises operating in different social settings in India in terms of their influence in social entrepreneurship success. Depending upon the nature of your study, you can divide the main objective into sub-objectives also. However, this is optional. You can have only main objective or you can divide it into the required number of sub-objectives depending upon the nature of your study. For example, the above mentioned main objective can be divided into following sub-objectives. Thus, in accordance with the above-mentioned primary objective, the study was acknowledged with the set of following set of sub-objectives in order to conduct the research in a more comprehensive way: ✓ To determine the importance and criticality of individual-level factors of leadership, entrepreneurship orientation, networking, business planning skills and their constituent attributes in social enterprise success. ✓ To determine the importance and criticality of organizational-level factors of innovative financing, triple bottom line planning, social enterprise marketing, community engagement, organizational culture, social impact evaluation, frugal innovation, human capital and their constituent attributes in social enterprise success. ✓ To determine the importance and criticality of institutional-level factors of Government support and its constituent attributes in social enterprise success. 1.4. Significance of the Study This is a sample. Replace with your own. It provides details to the reader on how the study will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it. It also includes an explanation of the work’s importance as well as its potential benefits. For example the above mentioned example, the significance can be written in the following way The research makes important contributions to existing literature on the critical factors determining the success of social enterprises from both managerial and academic point of view: 6 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE In this chapter, all the literature available on the different approaches to the concept of your research is explicitly reviewed. Here you can write the outline or plan of your review like in how many sections and what you are discussing in each section. 2.1. Sample Main Heading This is a sample. Replace with your own. Social entrepreneurship in common parlance refers to entrepreneurial activity with an embedded social purpose. Although, entrepreneurial activities with a social concern can be traced back in the history but the social entrepreneurship as an innovative model for social problem solving has recently emerged (Robinson et al., 2009; Mair & Marti, 2006; Peredo & McLean, 2006; Dees et al., 2002; Chell, 2007). Thus, social entrepreneurship mainly stands for endeavors which primarily focus over social value creation and thus social mission remains central to every social entrepreneurship activity. The social entrepreneurship has become a global phenomenon, impacting societies by catalyzing social transformations for societal wellbeing. The phenomenon mainly addresses the basic needs of human society which were neglected in the race for mainstream development. As such, the phenomenon can occur in any society and often such local social entrepreneurship initiatives have the potential for scale up and replication at the global level. E-g: Microfinance of Bangladesh. 2.2. Sample Main Heading 2 As described above, the idea of social enterprise is certainly not new as businesses with social missions can be traced back in the nineteenth century. Thus, the practice of social enterprise may well be ahead of the theory as in other areas of social action (Sarah et al., 2002). 2.3. Sample Main Heading 3 As described above, the idea of social enterprise is certainly n…

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