Chapter 13 STAGE 3: COLLECT, PREPARE, AND EXAMINE DATA Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-1 Learning Objectives Understand . . . \uf097 The tasks of data collection. \uf097 The use of content analysis to post-code textual and verbal data. \uf097 The importance of editing raw data to assure it is complete, accurate, and correctly coded. \uf097 The exploratory data analysis techniques that provide visual representations of the data. \uf097 How cross-tabulation examines relationships between variables. Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-2 Data Collection, Preparation, and Examination in the Research Process Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-3 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete\/return instrument Enter the data Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-4 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete\/return instrument Enter the data Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-5 Instrument Disposition Mail Fax Criteria Drop box Email Upload Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-6 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete & return instrument Enter the data Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-7 Invitations Purpose Disclosure Incentives Activities Involved Factors to Consider Script Screens Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-8 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete & return instrument Enter the data Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-9 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete & return instrument Enter the data Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-10 Collect the Data Train the data collectors Determine the data collection timeline Implement instrument disposition process Invite chosen participants Activate the Survey Remind participant to complete & return instrument Enter the data Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-11 Data Concepts Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-12 Partial Data File Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-13 Partial Data File Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-14 Partial Coding Scheme Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-15 Partial Coding Scheme Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-16 Prepare the Data: 2 Tasks PostCollection Coding of Data Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Editing Data 13-17 Editing Criteria Accurate Complete Criteria Appropriately Coded Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-18 Editing Field editing \uf097 Entry gaps identified \uf097 Ad-hoc notes translated \uf097 Data validation Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-19 Precoding Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-20 Post-Coding Open-Ended Questions 6. What prompted you to purchase your most recent life insurance policy? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-21 Units within Content Analysis Context Sampling Recording Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-22 Types of Recording Units Syntactical Referential Propositional Thematic Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-23 Content Analysis Displays Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-24 Proximity Plot Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-25 Appropriately Coded for Analysis Appropriate to the research problem Exhaustive Categories should be\u2026 Mutually exclusive Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Derived from one classification principle 13-26 Edit for Accuracy Intra-rater Reliability Inter-rater Reliability Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-27 Handling \u201cDon\u2019t Know\u201d Responses Question: Do you have a productive relationship with your present salesperson? Years of Purchasing No Don\u2019t Know 10% 40% 38% 1 \u2013 3 years 30 30 32 4 years or more 60 30 30 65% n = 650 15% n = 150 20% n = 200 Less than 1 year Total Yes Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-28 Types of DK responses Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-29 Recoding Locus of Responsibility Mentioned A. Company _____________ B. Customer _____________ C. Joint CompanyCustomer _____________ F. Other _____________ Not Mentioned Locus of Responsibility _______________ A. Management 1. Sales manager _______________ 2. Sales process 3. Other _______________ 4. No action area identified B. Management _______________ 1. Training C. Customer 1. Buying processes 2. Other 3. No action area identified D. Environmental conditions E. Technology F. Other Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Frequency (n = 100) 10 20 7 3 15 12 8 5 20 13-30 Recoding Variable requires new mapping rules Merges initial variable categories May reduce the data level of the initial variable May change statistical operations for variable Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-31 Data Entry Keyboarding Digital\/ Barcodes Database Programs Optical Recognition Voice recognition Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-32 Missing Data Types Data missing completely at random (MCAR) Data missing at random (MAR) Data missing but not missing at random (NMAR) Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-33 Missing Data Correction Techniques Listwise Deletion Pairwise Deletion Predictive Replacement Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-34 Data Analysis Techniques Exploratory Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Confirmatory 13-35 Role of EDA in the Research Process Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-36 Frequency Table: Appropriate Social Networking Age Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-37 Pie Graph Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-38 Bar Graph Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-39 Frequency Table Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-40 Histogram Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-41 Stem-and-Leaf Display Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-42 Pareto Diagram Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-43 Boxplot Components Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-44 Diagnostics with Boxplots Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-45 Boxplot Comparison Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-46 Mapping Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-47 SPSS Cross-Tabulation Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-48 Percentages in Cross-Tabulation Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-49 Guidelines for Using Percentages Higher number is denominator Don\u2019t average unless weighted To average, weight by group size Changes = never >100% Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-50 Cross-Tabulation with Control and Nested Variables Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-51 Automatic Interaction Detection (AID) Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-52 Key Terms \uf097 Automatic interaction \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 detection (AID) Boxplot Cell Coding scheme Confirmatory data analysis (CFA) Content analysis Context units Contingency table Control variable Cross-tabulation Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. \uf097 Data collection \uf097 Data entry \uf097 Data field \uf097 Data file \uf097 Data preparation \uf097 Data record \uf097 Data validation \uf097 Data base \uf097 \u201cDon\u2019t Know\u201d (DK response \uf097 Editing 13-53 Key Terms (cont.) \uf097 Exploratory data analysis \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 \uf097 (EDA) Five-number summary Frequency table Histogram Instrument disposition Interquartile range (IQR) Inter-rater reliability Intra-rater reliability Listwise deletion Marginals Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. \uf097 Missing Data \uf0a7 Data missing at random (MAR) \uf0a7 Data missing but not missing at random (NMAR) \uf0a7 Data missing completely at random (MCAR) \uf097 Nonresistant statistics \uf097 Outliers \uf097 Pairwise deletion \uf097 Pareto diagram \uf097 Precode \uf097 Predictive replacement 13-54 Key Terms (cont.) \uf097 Recoding \uf097 Recording units \uf097 Resistant statistics \uf097 Sampling units \uf097 Stem-and-leaf display \uf097 Survey activation Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-55 College of Administrative and Financial Sciences Critical Thinking Assignment 5: Module \u2013 11-13 Deadline: End of Week 13 Course Name: Academic Writing and Student\u2019s Name: Research Skills Course Code: RES500 Student\u2019s ID Number: Term: CRN: Academic Year: For Instructor\u2019s Use only Instructor\u2019s Name: Students\u2019 Grade: Marks Obtained\/Out of 160 marks Level of Marks: High\/Middle\/Low Regulations: \u2713 This assignment is an individual assignment. \u2713 Support your submission with course material concepts, principles, and theories from the textbook along with few scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles. \u2713 Use Saudi Electronic University academic writing standards and APA style guidelines, citing references as appropriate. \u2713 Submit your findings in a 10-12 page document, excluding the title page, abstract and required reference page, which are never a part of the minimum content requirements, in the Assignment Dropbox. \u2713 It is strongly encouraged that you submit all assignments to the Turnitin Originality Check (available under Information folder on your Blackboard) prior to submitting them to your instructor for grading. If you are unsure how to submit an assignment to the Originality Check tool, review the TurnItIn Originality Check \u2013 Student Guide for step-by-step instructions. An Overview about Assignment submission Time & grades: Type of Assignment Posting Date Due date Marks Critical thinking Week 11 End of Week 13 160 Grace period* * Grace Period: with accepted excuse (accepted by instructor) with deduction of 10% for late submission 1 No Module 11-13 Assignment-VI: Final research proposal (160 points) This is your final assignment for which a sample format is provided in the blackboard (Week 11 materials). It is already attached in the next page. You must submit the same as per the given sample format. Adherence to the format is necessary. This final research proposal must contain all the stages and processes involved in a typical research proposal. Read the Chapter 16 of your textbook to have a clarity on writing a report or proposal. Answers Start from Next Page in the given Format 2 RESEARCH PROPOSAL On INSERT TITLE HERE By [Your Full Name Here] Enrolment No. xxxxxxx [Insert Degree Name] [Insert Department Name] [Insert Name of College] [Insert Course Code: xxxxx] [Insert Branch Name] Date of Submission: DD MM 20YY Supervisor Name: Dr. Xxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxx 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 General Introduction 1.2 Research Questions 1.3 Research Objectives 1.4 Significance of the Study Chapter 2. Literature Review 2.1 Heading 1 2.2 Heading 2 2.3 Heading 3 2.4 Hypotheses (If any) Chapter 3. Methodology Adopted 3.1 Research Approach 3.2 Research Design Chapter 4. Proposed Data Analysis Chapter 5. Implementation Plan Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. Page No. References Appendices (Questionnaire) 4 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. General Introduction This is a sample. Replace with your own. We, human beings, are continuously evolving as indispensable thinking creatures of the universe. The man has come a very long way and has rightly made great strides in almost every conceivable field of achievement. Scientific breakthroughs and technological advancements have enhanced our confidence in understanding or even conquering the nature at large. The man is regarded to be in the midst of best of times, the world have ever witnessed. Some fifty years back, no one could have imagined the level of the technological feat or the extent of global integration of countries which we are experiencing now. Considering the increasing share of emerging economies in the global growth, there have been substantial improvements in enriching the lives of millions of people around the globe. 1.2. Research Questions This is a sample. Replace with your own. The research questions is one of the most important parts of your research project, thesis or dissertation. It\u2019s important to spend some time assessing and refining your question before you get started. The exact form of your question will depend on the length of your project, the type of research, the topic, and the research problem. But all research questions should be focused, specific, appropriately complex, and relevant to a social or scholarly issue. The research questions for this study are: 1) What are the skills & resources required for the success of social enterprises & what are those skills where the enterprise can invest in? 2) What are the input factors for implementing the social enterprise evaluation process? 1.3. Research Objectives This is a sample. Replace with your own. Formulating research objectives in an appropriate manner is one of the most important aspects of your thesis. This is because research aim and objectives determine the scope, depth and the overall direction of the research. Research question is the central question of the study that has to be answered on the basis of research findings. The objectives of a sample thesis are given under: 5 Hence, the research, \u201cTitle of your research\u2019\u2019 has been formulated with the following primary objective: 1) To get a deeper understanding of the critical success factors of social enterprises operating in different social settings in India in terms of their influence in social entrepreneurship success. Depending upon the nature of your study, you can divide the main objective into sub-objectives also. However, this is optional. You can have only main objective or you can divide it into the required number of sub-objectives depending upon the nature of your study. For example, the above mentioned main objective can be divided into following sub-objectives. Thus, in accordance with the above-mentioned primary objective, the study was acknowledged with the set of following set of sub-objectives in order to conduct the research in a more comprehensive way: \u2713 To determine the importance and criticality of individual-level factors of leadership, entrepreneurship orientation, networking, business planning skills and their constituent attributes in social enterprise success. \u2713 To determine the importance and criticality of organizational-level factors of innovative financing, triple bottom line planning, social enterprise marketing, community engagement, organizational culture, social impact evaluation, frugal innovation, human capital and their constituent attributes in social enterprise success. \u2713 To determine the importance and criticality of institutional-level factors of Government support and its constituent attributes in social enterprise success. 1.4. Significance of the Study This is a sample. Replace with your own. It provides details to the reader on how the study will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it. It also includes an explanation of the work\u2019s importance as well as its potential benefits. For example the above mentioned example, the significance can be written in the following way The research makes important contributions to existing literature on the critical factors determining the success of social enterprises from both managerial and academic point of view: 6 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE In this chapter, all the literature available on the different approaches to the concept of your research is explicitly reviewed. Here you can write the outline or plan of your review like in how many sections and what you are discussing in each section. 2.1. Sample Main Heading This is a sample. Replace with your own. Social entrepreneurship in common parlance refers to entrepreneurial activity with an embedded social purpose. Although, entrepreneurial activities with a social concern can be traced back in the history but the social entrepreneurship as an innovative model for social problem solving has recently emerged (Robinson et al., 2009; Mair & Marti, 2006; Peredo & McLean, 2006; Dees et al., 2002; Chell, 2007). Thus, social entrepreneurship mainly stands for endeavors which primarily focus over social value creation and thus social mission remains central to every social entrepreneurship activity. The social entrepreneurship has become a global phenomenon, impacting societies by catalyzing social transformations for societal wellbeing. The phenomenon mainly addresses the basic needs of human society which were neglected in the race for mainstream development. As such, the phenomenon can occur in any society and often such local social entrepreneurship initiatives have the potential for scale up and replication at the global level. E-g: Microfinance of Bangladesh. 2.2. Sample Main Heading 2 As described above, the idea of social enterprise is certainly not new as businesses with social missions can be traced back in the nineteenth century. Thus, the practice of social enterprise may well be ahead of the theory as in other areas of social action (Sarah et al., 2002). 2.3. Sample Main Heading 3 As described above, the idea of social enterprise is certainly n\u2026 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Chapter 13 STAGE 3: COLLECT, PREPARE, AND EXAMINE DATA Copyright \u00a9 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13-1 Learning Objectives Understand . . . \uf097 The tasks of data collection. \uf097 The use of content analysis to post-code textual and verbal data. \uf097 The importance of editing raw data to assure it … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicwritersbay.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicwritersbay.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicwritersbay.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicwritersbay.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicwritersbay.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42780"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/academicwritersbay.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42780\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicwritersbay.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicwritersbay.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicwritersbay.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}