Waldorf University Coronavirus Live Updates Hong Kong Protesters Discussion

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The critique is not required to be any specific page length or word count as quality is more important than quantity. Place the citation at the upper left hand of the paper on the top of the page. Use a title page for your name, course number, title of assignment, and date. The content of the critique should include the following: Problem – usually one sentence Subjects – number, type, age, sex Method – data gathering procedures including names of instruments, paper or mechanical Findings – include statistical significance levels Conclusions and implications Do not regurgitate the article to me. This is not a summary but a critique of the methodology used in the study. See me if you have any questions. Research Article Critique The following are suggestions for thought when examining each “facet” of the research. Title Was it succinct and clearly stated Accurately represents the work Author Qualifications Problem Inclusive and clearly stated Concepts were researchable Rationale for study was clearly identified Review of the Literature Deal with the problem concepts Flows from lease relevant to most relevant Primary sources were used References current Appropriate classic sources included Documentation was clear and complete Review was summarized at the end with implications for proposed study Study Framework Necessary concepts included Concepts present succinctly Concepts/theory served as foundation for the methodology Purpose/Hypothesis Clearly derived from the concepts/theoretical framework If appropriate to the study, it was clearly stated Hypothesis was clearly derived from the purpose If hypothesis stated, it was testable Variables were operationally defined Assumptions Were clearly defined and stated Were valid Definitions Necessary definitions were included All definitions were included Sample Population criteria defined Criteria appropriate to the population/hypothesis Sampling technique described Response rate identified Sample size adequate Human rights protected Sample mortality Data Collection Methods Methods clearly and logically described Methods appropriate for the hypothesis/question Methods appropriate for subjects and settings Tools and measurements Method of development Author of each instrument How the instrument/tool was used in the study Scoring methods described Reliability data provided for each instrument Validity data provided for each instrument Likely sources of error described and controlled Method for manipulation of independent variable described Findings/Statistical Analysis Evidence apparent that procedures were conducted as planned Analysis dealt with all information that was gathered Technique of statistical appropriate to the level of data Findings were summarized and consistent with those expected Stated findings were related to the hypothesis/question Interpretations reached were justified by the findings Conclusions reached were justified by the findings Areas of additional study were identified and consistent with findings Study sufficiently clear to allow for replication What was missing? Did they leave out any population characteristics, how data was handled or allude to information they collected but did not present? Critique of a Research Study Do not regurgitate the article to me. This is not a summary but a critique of the methodology used in the study. Do not answer yes or no to the questions below. Give examples from the study In Class Research Article Critique Introduction ▪ What was the purpose of the study? ▪ List any objectives, questions or hypotheses. ▪ What are the independent and dependent variables contained within the study? ▪ Does the hypothesis or research question flow logically from the framework of the article? Lit Review and Ethics ▪ Does the content of the literature review relate directly to the research problem? ▪ Was the study approved by the appropriate IRB or similar ethics review committee? ▪ Did the study identify the risks/benefits of the study? ▪ If the study did not provide the risks/benefits, what might they be? ▪ Were appropriate informed consent procedures used with all participants? Research Design ▪ Is the research design appropriate for the problem being studied? ▪ How were confounding variables controlled? ▪ Are the sampling inclusion and exclusion criteria described? ▪ What is the sample size? . ▪ Was a power analysis done to indicate the number needed to be in the study to demonstrate statistical significance? Data Collection ▪ What categories of data collection methods were used? (self-report, scales, observational, biophysiological) ▪ Identify the specific instrument(s) used to measure the dependent variable(s)? ▪ What is the reliability of the data collection methods used? Discuss each measure of the dependent variable(s). Data Analysis ▪ How were the data analyzed? (What statistical tests were used) ▪ What type of data was analyzed? (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, etc.) ▪ Are the analyses interpreted correctly? ▪ What were the findings? ▪ Were the findings significant? Interpretation, Discussion (Evaluation) ▪ What are the study limitations? ▪ How do the results fit with previous research in the area? ▪ What is the overall quality of the study when the strengths and weaknesses are summarized? ▪ What does the research mean for clinical practice? RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Best-Practice Physical Activity Programs for Older Adults: Findings From the National Impact Study I Susan L. Hughes, DSW, Rachel B. Seymour, PhD, Richard T. Campbell, PhD, Nancy Whitelaw, PhD, and Terry Bazzarre, PhD Moderate exercise 3 to 5 times per week for at least 30 minutes produces multiple health benefits for older adults at most levels of functional ability.’ However, older adults are tbe most sedentary population in the United States,^” witb more tban 60% failing to participate in regular physical activity.’* A number of randomized controlled trials have tested specific exercise programs for older adults. To our knowledge, Wilcox et al. is tbe only study that has examined tbe impact of evidence-based programs adopted by community providers of pbysical activity programs for older adults.^ Tbis study found that older adults who participated in 2 newly adopted programs experienced statistically significant benefits regarding pbysical activity partidpation, depression, stress, and body mass index. However, that study did not examine the impact of exerdse programs already existing in tbe community. We sought to address tbis gap witb our study. Community organizations like senior centers and YMCAs are tbe primary providers of pbysical activity programs for older adults in tbe United States. Tbese providers strive to acbieve a balance among tbe programs tbey offer, taking into consideration such factors as exercise science, older adults’ preferences, and real-world feasibility. In 2003, tbe Center for Healthy Aging of tbe National Council on Aging (NCOA) conducted a national competition to identify 10 best-practice physical activity programs operated by community organizations serving older adults. The competition was funded by tbe Robert Wood Jobnson Foundation and was conducted in collaboration witb tbe Center for Researcb on Healtb and Aging (CRHA) at tbe University of Illinois at Cbicago. Tbe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Healtby Aging Researcb Network, the Active Aging Partnersbip, and nationally known pbysical activity experts belped NCOA develop best-practice criteria based on findings from the literature and expert judgment. Objectives. We assessed the impact of existing best-practice physical activity programs for older adults on physical activity participation and healtb-related outcomes. Methods. We used a multisite, randomized trial with 544 older adults (mean age 66 years) and measures at baseline, 5, and 10 montbs to test tbe impact of a multiple-component pbysical activity program compared witb results for a control group tbat did not participate in sucb a program. Resuits. For adults wbo participated in a multiple-component physical activity program, we found statistically significant benefits at 5 and 10 montbs with regard to self-efficacy for exercise adberence over time (P

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