(Mt) – The Ohio State University Fraud and Criminal Activity Response

Law-Enforcement Scenario – Employing Reconnaissance Surveillance Discussion
Describe a law-enforcement scenario in which you must employ reconnaissance and reconnaissance equipment. What are the leg …

Law-Enforcement Scenario – Employing Reconnaissance Surveillance Discussion
Describe a law-enforcement scenario in which you must employ reconnaissance and reconnaissance equipment. What are the legalities that surround such employment? Library Article: Old-School Analysis of New-School Technology- Supreme Court Prohibits Warrantless GPS TrackingThis article provides a great summary of the case, as well as implications for defense counsel and law enforcement. This resource supports the discussion and Milestone Three.PDF: Case Note: US v. JonesReview this resource, which provides information about the United States v. Jones and outlines information about GPS installation and monitoring. This resource supports the discussion and Milestone Three.In responding to your peers, identify if there are any warrants or other legal approvals needed for employment of the reconnaissance plan and the reconnaissance equipment.Peer post oneThe reasons for reconnaissance use by law enforcement to me is more or less for the same reasons we use it in the military. To gain an advantage over the “enemy” by knowing as much as we can about our target and their capabilities to stack the deck in our favor during the execution of the operation. For law enforcement, the use of reconnaissance is required when the adversary poses an increased risk to officers, such as with cartels, gangs or against ex military personnel that have joined the criminal society. A scenario where reconnaissance and reconnaissance equipment must be employed would be against a gang such as MS-13. This is due to the increased risk to officers. These individuals are almost always armed, are known to have killed someone just to be part of the gang and are generally more trained and brutal in weapons use and their methods. To mitigate the risk to officers during a police raid, a reconnaissance team with their equipment would recon the target to gain as much knowledge of the structures, numbers of personnel, weapons present and any other intelligence requirements requested by the commander. Without the information from reconnaissance, you could possibly be sending in officers against a gang using automatic rifles and explosives where planning for this situation was lacking. Basically going into a situation blind. The legalities for reconnaissance mostly depend on the equipment used and the method they are used. For the scenario above, the type of requests, such as a title III would definitely be used. All of the requirements of a title III to be requested and approved would be met in the scenario against MS-13. “The affidavit should explain specifically why other normally utilized investigative techniques, such as physical surveillance or the use of informants and undercover agents, are inadequate in the particular case.” (2018) It is next to impossible to infiltrate MS-13 as their initiation is to kill someone so undercover agents would be useless. This gang is also known for being able to discover stake outs and other surveillance methods used by police. The reason for wanting audio during this reconnaissance is to hear any important information such as if more gang members are showing up at a certain time or if a shipment is coming at a certain time. This is to make sure that there are no surprises for the officers conducting the raid such as a van full of armed gang members showing up half way through the raid that no one was expecting. JeremyResources29. Electronic Surveillance-Title III Affidavits. (2018, September 19). Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/jm/criminal-resource-manual-29-electronic-surveillance-title-iii-affidavitsPeer post 2 I feel the need to discuss United States v. Jones because, while I agree with the D.C. Circuit Court’s decision to overturn Jones’ conviction, but I do not agree with their rationale. Officers obtained a warrant from the Federal District Court in D.C. to place a GPS on the vehicle registered to Jones’ wife, but one that he used exclusively. The warrant authorized the installation within D.C. and had a ten-day lifespan. The officers waited until the vehicle was parked in a public place in Maryland and they didn’t install the GPS until day eleven, one day past the warrant’s expiration date (Legal Information Institute (LLI), 2019). This is the issue that should have brought up in court, not a violation of Jones’ Forth Amendment rights. The officers were outside of the warrant’s jurisdiction and the validity of the warrant expired. If the officers knew or even suspected that they were going to need more time to install the GPS device, they should have gotten an extension of the warrant. While it’s not a common occurrence, extensions are granted. In 2016, the D.C. Circuit Court received 6,050 warrant extension requests. They only granted 25 of those requests (less than 1%), but they did grant extensions (Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO), 2016). This, however, was not the rational of the D.C. District Court. They ruled that the use of such a device violate Mr. Jones’ Fourth Amendment rights:“The Fourth Amendment protects the ‘right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.’ Here, the Government’s physical intrusion on an “effect” for the purpose of obtaining information constitutes a “search.” (LLI, 2019). Just as disturbing as the ruling is, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld it, ruling that because the unit didn’t “interfere with the defendant’s ability to possess or use the vehicle, there was no search. As for the search aspect, the Court ruled the “when the government ‘physically occupies private property for the purpose of obtaining information,’ a search of constitutional significance has occurred.” They further adjudicated that, “By attaching the device to the Jeep, officers encroached on a protected area” (LLI, 2019). Finally, even though it went to trial and Jones was convicted, his appeal should have been based on the facts that the warrant was for the D.C. area, they installed it in Maryland, and had a ten-day timeframe, it was installed on day eleven, not on Fourth Amendment issues. I could support the court’s overturning his conviction, based on those issues. To say that his Fourth Amendment rights, particularly unreasonable searches, that is ridiculous. The word search is defined as, “To look into or over carefully or thoroughly in an effort to find or discover something” (Merriam-Webster, 2019). How does a GPS do that? All a GPS does is give the location of a person is and the history of his travels during the day. Such a thing can be accomplished by following a person around in a car. That brings me to my second problem with this ruling. Not only is it a ridiculous ruling but it’s a perilous one, as well. How many convicts have successfully appealed their conviction or are going to appeal their conviction because of this ruling? How long, and this is not too much of a stretch, but how long before it is argued that because of the United States v, Jones ruling that a GPS device reveals too much private information about a person’s daily activities, thereby violating a person’s Fourth Amendment rights, that visual surveillance and reconnaissance without a warrant is also a Fourth Amendment violation? I don’t think, at least I hope, that this will happen, but I wouldn’t be at all surprise if an attorney tries to argue this using United States v. Jones. A GPS is not a violation of the Forth Amendment; nothing was searched. All a GPS does is make surveillance and reconnaissance of a person easier, allowing the police to use their time more efficiently.References:Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO). (2016). Report of the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts on Applications for Delayed-Notice Search Warrants and Extensions. Retrieved fromhttps://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2016_delayed_notice_search_warrant_report_0.pdfLegal Information Institute (LLI). (2019). United States v. Jones. Retrieved fromhttps://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/10-1259Merriam-Webster. (2019). Definition of search. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/search

Grand Canyon Marketing Plan & Corresponding Crisis Communication Plan HW
The purpose of this assignment is to create a marketing plan and corresponding crisis communication plan for dissemination …

Grand Canyon Marketing Plan & Corresponding Crisis Communication Plan HW
The purpose of this assignment is to create a marketing plan and corresponding crisis communication plan for dissemination through social media.Whereas social media originally began as a means for friends to stay in touch, it has quickly grown into an expansive platform for connecting people all across the world, and it plays an integral role in any marketing initiative. In the industry of sports marketing, social media allows fans to engage with teams and brands and enables news to disseminate in real time. Audience members can respond to sports events with tagged photos and hashtags, while athletes can communicate directly with their fans, promote sponsors, and keep the public informed of their schedules. Viewers can live-stream games on multiple platforms. Teams can track fan engagement, spending, and attendance while posting game schedules, selling tickets, and promoting fan-specific content through their own mobile apps. Essentially, social media is a fundamental tool by which sports marketers can create competitive advantage for themselves within the sports business landscape.This assignment will be completed in two parts. For the first part, assume that you are tasked with developing a social media marketing plan for the sports team of your choice. This team is relocating to a new home stadium on the opposite side of the city and needs promotional material for rolling out this announcement. While the move is not a rebranding of the team name, logo, or mascot, consider how you could market this move with a positive spin that will honor fan loyalty.Remember the importance of creating a strategy that promotes a consistent message across all platforms and uses a voice that is consistent with the brand being represented. The overall message should support the larger goals of the team, organization, or brand.You may use the “Social Media Marketing Plan Template” to brainstorm and organize your thoughts, but the assignment you turn in for grading will be submitted as a 500-750-word paper. The plan should include at least three or four sentences on each of the following elements.Marketing Goals – Explain the message you are trying to communicate to your target audience and relate the anticipated outcome of this communication.Target Audience – Determine the fan DNA of the team and provide a profile of the consumer you are targeting. List this fan’s top five consumer traits.Message – Relate the core content of your social media marketing plan: the announcement of the team’s relocation. What specifically do you want fans to know about the relocation? How will you be communicating this: an infographic, a photo, a photo series, a video clip? Provide rationale for why you are choosing this method of announcing the relocation and remember that this message should support the larger goals of the team and its brand.Social Media Platforms – Decide which three social media platforms you will use to disseminate this information about the team’s rebranding in order to reach the greatest segments of the team’s target audience. How do the social media platforms you have chosen reflect the team’s fan DNA?Audience Influencers – Determine influential people within your organization or current fan base who can act as influencers of and supporters for your campaign. Consider players and coaches, team sponsors, recognizable leaders and fans, and celebrity endorsers. Explain why the individuals you have selected will be optimal spokespeople for this campaign.Timeline – What are your goals when it comes to the timeline of this campaign? Outline the agenda for your campaign’s release based upon the timeliness of the season, its relation to the team’s relocation, and any other special events.Competitive Advantage – Explain how the marketing strategies of this social media campaign will help the team gain an advantage over their competition.Evaluation Metrics – How will you measure the success of your social media campaign? Describe at least three methods of evaluating the campaign’s success on social media. (For example: increase in total number of followers on a particular social media site, number of interactions or hits on the social media content, sales results and revenue generated directly by the campaign, or the number of likes/shares/comments related to the campaign, etc.)Mock up an image of the social media content you would post to announce the team’s relocation. You are welcome to use Photoshop, if you have access, or to utilize a free platform, such as Canva, to enhance the quality and design of your content. Select your wording, images, and content carefully, remembering to follow the format used by each specific social media platform (e.g. character limits, use of hashtags, etc.). Remember the importance of creating a strategy that promotes a consistent message across all platforms and uses a voice that is consistent with the brand being represented. The overall message should support the larger goals of the team.For the second part of the assignment, in approximately 250 words, develop a crisis communication plan and describe how you would tactfully use social media to preemptively navigate a negative situation before it spins out of control and becomes detrimental to the team. In the case of this sports team relocation, fans may be upset about how the move to a new stadium will affect their priority as season ticket holders or how it will affect their commute to and from games, or the general public in the vicinity of the new stadium may be displeased with the influx of traffic/increase in noise on game days. How would you use social media to counter a potentially negative backlash while supporting the team and encouraging fan involvement in a strategic way?While you may not be able to respond to every negative social media response, provide some general ideas of the types of replies you might include to combat the potentially negative responses on each of the three platforms in your social media campaign.Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

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