Use the interview questions developed in Module 2 based on Module 1’s mind map and the textbook’s FIG. 1.1 and FIG. 1.2 in Chapter 1 as the blueprint and guid

Q: Do you associate yourself with a specific culture/ religion? – A: Yes, I identify strongly with Haitian culture and I practice Christianity, which plays a

significant role in my life and decisions.

Q: What language are you most comfortable speaking in a healthcare setting? – A: I am most comfortable speaking Haitian Creole. While I can speak some English and

French, Creole is my preferred language for discussing important matters like health.

Q: Are there any cultural norms regarding privacy and modesty that we should be aware of during your care?

– A: Yes, privacy and modesty are very important. I would prefer female healthcare providers for intimate examinations and expect privacy during such procedures. It is also important to cover as much of my body as possible during examinations.

Q: Who are the key decision-makers in your family or community when it comes to healthcare? – A: In my family, healthcare decisions are usually made collectively. My husband, parents,

and sometimes even extended family members like aunts and uncles are involved in making important health decisions.

Q: How involved do you prefer your family or community to be in your healthcare decisions? – A: I prefer my family to be quite involved in my healthcare decisions. Their support and

input are very important to me, and I often rely on them for advice and emotional support.

Q: How do you prioritize long-term vs. short-term health goals? – A: I try to balance both, but I tend to focus more on short-term health goals because

immediate health concerns can often feel more pressing. However, I understand the importance of long-term health goals and try to follow medical advice for preventative care as well.

Q: Do you use any traditional or alternative remedies alongside conventional medicine? – A: Yes, I often use traditional remedies alongside conventional medicine. For example, I

might use herbal teas and natural oils for minor ailments. These remedies are part of my cultural heritage and I believe they are beneficial.

Q: How do you feel about the use of technology and modern medical interventions in your healthcare?

– A: I am open to using technology and modern medical interventions, especially when they are explained to me thoroughly. However, I also value traditional methods and like to incorporate them when possible.

Q: Are there any genetic or hereditary conditions that are common in your family or community? – A: In my community, high blood pressure and diabetes are quite common. These

conditions run in my family, so we try to manage them through both medical treatment and lifestyle changes.

Q: Can you share any previous experiences with healthcare providers that were particularly positive or negative?

– A: One positive experience was when a nurse took the time to explain my treatment plan in Creole and ensured I understood everything before proceeding. A negative experience was when a doctor dismissed my use of traditional remedies without considering their importance to me culturally. This made me feel disrespected and hesitant to share my full health practices in the future.

1This entails the sharing of information through speech, tone of voice, body language, and the use of silence. A patient from a

culture where making direct eye contact with a healthcare provider is considered impolite may choose to avoid doing so

in a medical setting. Recognizing this can help avoid misinterpreting the patient's actions.

COMMUNICATION

2

3This includes social structures that shape an individual's values and behaviors, such as family structures, religious organizations, and others.in

contrast to cultures that place a strong emphasis on individual decision-making, a patient from an Asian

culture may involve extended family members in healthcare decisions.

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

4 This concerns how time is seen in different cultures, particularly the value of timeliness and orientation

toward the past, present, or future. On the other hand, some cultures—like those found in many regions of Africa or Latin America—might have a more laid-back attitude

toward time, making it more acceptable to be late.

TIME

SPACE 5 This includes the use of traditional treatments, illness

prevention, and health practices based on the concept that one can control nature. For example, a patient with

Native American ancestry may choose to use herbal remedies and traditional healing methods in addition to

or instead of conventional medical care.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL

6 This is a reference to the physiological and genetic variations that affect health between racial and

ethnic groupings.For instance, African Americans are more likely to have sickle cell anemia, but

Caucasians of European heritage are more likely to have cystic fibrosis.

BIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS

THE SIX CULTURAL

PHENOMENA

This relates to people's comfort levels with physical touch and the physical space they keep between them during interactions. In contrast to American inclinations for more personal space, several Latin

American cultures, for instance, value close personal space and touch during conversations.