Critique 2

Educational Objectives: The Tyler Rationale
Tammy Baysden
School of Education, Liberty University
Author Note
Tammy Baysden
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Tammy Baysden
Email: [email protected]
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Educational Objectives: The Tyler Rationale
Ralph W. Tyler, an educational theorist, created The Tyler Rationale, or simply The Tyler
Model (Wraga, 2017). He was among some of the most significant educational reformers who
lived in the seventeenth century. His contribution to learning is still seen today in curriculum
designs. Tyler has shaped how people develop curriculum, evaluate learning, and provide a
logical approach to curriculum development and assessment of students (Liberty University,
2023).
According to Wraga (2017), Tyler’s four guiding questions include what the school plans
for learners, what the learners will do, how the planned work is organized, and how success in
achieving the goals will be measured. Tyler, therefore, incorporated three supportive sources to
assist with the implementation. They included that education is an experiential process,
assessment should be employed, and there ought to be a greater emphasis on prioritizing
assessment in comparison with measurement. Further, he argues that curriculum development
entails problem-solving (Wraga, 2017).
Compare
The Tyler Rationale and the unit plan (Plants Make Their Own Food MCU, 2018) share a
significant similarity in their emphasis on placing students at the core of their educational
encounters. According to the Tyler Rationale, education’s primary goal is to facilitate a shift in
the learner’s mindset and motivate them to concentrate on their academic path (Kliebard, 1970).
The unit plan (2018) highlights the significance of students’ active participation and engagement
in extended, complex, and productive exploration that promotes their educational independence
and empowers them to enhance their understanding by asking questions and making
observations.
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Another similarity is that both articles regarding The Tyler Rationale and the unit plan
contain defined goals and objectives. According to Kliebard (1970), for effective curricula
design to take place the educators need to have a systematized and informative idea of what the
learning goals and objectives are before designing and implementing them. The unit plan, which
consists of varying forms of activities supported by both formal and informal evaluations, shows
careful consideration of the aligned standards and The Tyler Rationale.
Contrast
The Tyler Rationale strongly emphasizes that objectives need to be established to create
educational purpose (Kliebard, 1970). Tyler argues that three sources need to be taken into
consideration when creating these objectives. The three sources include the learner,
contemporary society, and subject matter (Kliebard, 1970). The unit plan is different because it
does not include contemporary society sources. The unit plan does not follow Tyler’s approach.
The Tyler Rationale and the unit plan have a key difference, the chance for educational
experts to talk about curriculum development during the planning phase. Kliebard (1970)
suggests that Tyler’s model encourages teacher autonomy and creativity. However, the unit plan
falls short in involving teachers and accommodating personalized teaching methods.
Application
I recommend adding more teacher guidance to the unit plan. Teachers have a great
understanding of their students’ needs and stages of development. Educators should keep in mind
that grades do not always accurately measure mastery. To create a positive learning environment,
teachers should use active learning strategies and embrace the idea of perception (Brown et al.,
2014). By following these suggestions and valuing students’ intelligence, teachers can reflect on
the lesson with their students to evaluate how well they achieved their objectives and goals.
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References
Brown, P. C., Roediger III, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make It Stick: The Science of
Successful Learning. Harvard University Press.
Kliebard, H. M. (1970). The Tyler Rationale. The School Review, 78(2), 259-272.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1084240
Liberty University. (2023). EDUC 872: Historic video footage of Ralph W. Tyler.
https://libertyuniversity.instructure.com/courses/523008/modules/items/59239520
Plants Make Their Own Food MCU. (2018). Massachusetts Department of Elementary and
Secondary Education.
https://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/mcu/steg5-plants-food.docx
Wraga, W. G. (2017). Understanding the Tyler rationale: Basic Principles of Curriculum and
Instruction in historical context. Espacio, Tiempo y Educación, 4(2), 227-252.
https://doi.org/10.14516/ete.156
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