(Mt) – Discussion board responses

1- Respond to each post with a FULL Single-space paragraph + a reliable reference for each paragraph 2- Respond DO NOT summarize. 3- Very important; you have to include your thoughts 4- APA style Course: International and Humanitarian Disaster Management The assignment was: “There are a number of diseases that are consistently seen in displaced populations. Please explain potential causes for these outbreaks. What are potential solutions for addressing these disease outbreaks?” Post 1 “Some Potential Causes for Diseases Outbreaks in Displaced Populations Many infectious diseases have been seen everywhere around the globe. This post will focus on those outbreaks which occur during or after disasters in displaced populations. To begin with, when emergencies, particularly major disasters strike a community, these disasters will likely lead to tremendous damage in the healthcare system, including immunization services (Lam, McCarthy, & Brennan, 2015). As a result of this disruption, the VPDs will likely spread among the affected community. For example, a recent study has shown that many infectious diseases have been seen in the United States post hurricanes, especially among displaced persons (Shukla, Woc-Colburn, & Weatherhead, 2018). Therefore, it is vital to prepare for such major disasters and ensure the healthcare system will not be dramatically affected. I also believe that lacking medical protection equipment such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection control activities during disasters is another significant reason for increasing the infectious diseases among displaced persons, particularly in which poverty has taken place. In Yemen, for instance, the war has forced many Yemenis to escape from their homes to be internally displaced far away from their neighborhoods (Federspiel & Ali, 2018). While being displaced, I think these Yemenis will likely face difficulty in affording the clean food and water due to the adverse effects of the conflict. In fact, the cholera outbreak also has erupted in Yemen due to the contamination of the water supply caused by the war (Federspiel & Ali, 2018). Hence, further in the future, I foresee that the number of cholera patients will adversely expand if the Yemen government is not partnering with the United Nations, for instance, to afford the clean food with water and implement vaccinations for these affected populations. Some Potential Solutions to Address These Outbreaks No doubt utilizing vaccines, antiviral drugs, or chemoprophylaxis can be a valuable solution to many infectious diseases and viruses. Another potential solution that could be helpful is a collaboration response from organizations to protect the community against these outbreaks. For instance, in Congo, since many Ebola outbreak cases confirmed, a cooperation response has been done by the Ministry of Health in Congo (MOH), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to response to the Ebola outbreak effectively (World Health Organization, 2018). While the World Health Organization deploys Regional Emergency Directors, who evaluate and support the response actions, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) responsible for protecting and assisting refugees and ensuring that these refugees are in a safe place. For instance, in 2018, the UNHCR hosted and protected over 35,000 refugees in Congo (World Health Organization, 2018). Because of this coordination response, I believe that these organizations will enable and facilitate the response action to Ebola and will effectively support and protect those in need. To my mind, I think funds also play a crucial role in minimizing, protecting, and responding to infectious diseases. Because when the developing countries where outbreaks spread receive much budget from the United Nations, for instance, I foresee that these affected countries will likely benefit from the funds by providing such as medical equipment, infection control activities, and building community capacities in hazard zones (World Health Organization, 2018). It is thus vital that the global community donations support the affected populations. I think that educating the displaced people about the risk of these outbreaks and appropriate immunizations can play a significant role in the prevention of these diseases, thereby protecting the populations.” Post 2 “Displaced populations are incredibly vulnerable to a number of infectious disease outbreaks. When disasters strike, existing health infrastructure is stressed, and communities loose access to treatment of pre-existing conditions and preventative health. For example, when Ebola struck West Africa in 2014, the existing health care system came to a complete stop—those with diseases such as TB no longer had access to their treatment and became even more exposed. Vaccine campaigns for childhood illnesses also stopped, which allowed for the rise of highly contagious illnesses such as measles (Shrivastava, Shrivastas, & Jegadeesh, 2015). While decreased access to health infrastructure increases the vulnerability of displaced populations, situations that require emergency relocation also set the stage for continued health risks. The close quarters and lack of sanitation in some emergency housing situations increase the risk for the spread vaccine preventable diseases that are spread by contact or unfavorable sanitization conditions- such as Hepatitis B, MMR, cholera, meningitis, and yellow fever. (Lam, Mccarthy, & Brennan, 2015) (Piarroux, Barris, Haus, Piarroux, & Gaudart, 2011) One important factor to be especially aware of as an international aid worker is the risk you bring to others who are either not exposed to diseases that you are due to geography. For example, the county of Haiti never had Cholera outbreaks until after the 2009 Earthquake. Studies now indicate that the cholera outbreak started via an humanitarian aid worker, and was exacerbated by the lack of access to clean water and sanitation. The outbreak became its own disaster in the shadow of the earthquake– over 700,000 Haitians were infected, and approximately 9000 people died from the preventable disease. The cholera outbreak was then difficult to control and spread rapidly, despite the availability of a vaccine. Disbursement of the cholera vaccine was complicated because it required cold-chain storage, which means you need to have electricity and the ability to keep the vaccine at a certain temperature until it is ready to administer. The earthquake’s destruction made the cold-chain process even more complicated. (Piarroux, Barris, Haus, Piarroux, & Gaudart, 2011) While any disaster situation makes access to preventative health difficult, it is important to get preventative health initiatives back up and running as soon as possible after a disaster. Prevention is the best way to decrease the spread of contagious diseases. In a refugee camp situation, it is important to ensure each person goes through a basic medical screening exam prior to entering the camp. People exhibiting symptoms of infectious diseases, even a simple cold, should be kept separate from the general population until symptoms resolve. During the medical screening exam, vaccination history should be obtained and appropriate vaccinations should be given prior to entering the camp. Obviously, prevention can be a tough sell, especially in a low-resource setting, however most studies indicate that prevention is substantially less expensive than treating an infectious disease outbreak. (Eiset & Wejse, 2017) In addition to medical screening and vaccine administration, education regarding basic hygiene can go a long way. The provision of handwashing station and supplies, along with culturally appropriate education, can prevent the spread of many diseases such as cholera, RSV, the flu, and the common cold. One teaching method I have found particularly beneficial for handwashing involves taking a piece of bread and passing it around in a circle. You then allow the bread to sit and grow mold and bacteria from everyone’s hands for a few days. It is a very simple visual of basic germ theory and helps drive home the “why” behind the importance of handwashing, which can substantially reduce the transmission of contagious diseases.” Course: Foundations in Emergency Management for Disasters and Heallthcare The assignment was: “Choose any disaster incident type and create a matrix that examines the interaction of influencing factors and phase” *See the 2 Excel sheets s and respond to each separately well a full single space paragraph supported by a reliable reference for EACH. *APA style Avian Influenza Epindemic Influencing Factors Phases Pre-event Host Agent/Vehicle The affected individuals including family members, the affected community and the society The Avian Influenza virus causes disease in human beings. Avian Influenza is caused by a viral infection in the avian bird flu. Avian Flu is a type A virus. The virus occurs naturally among the wild Avian bird and it can infect other birds, domestic poultry and animals. Movement of the infected individuals, community raising chicken as an nfluencing the extent of impact during the event economic activity It can spread from wild birds to domesticated birds. Patterns of wild bird migrations influence severity. Fear and monitoring by the World Health Organization, death, and economic losses.Monitoring and controlling Avian Influenza at the source to decrease the effects in the environment and reduce the virus load in Evidence that the Avian flu can also affect Avian species. Adoption of biosecurity human beings and animals (Li and Cao, Post-event (Reactions to the event) measures adhering to OIE international 2017) standards to protect trade and the production sector and safeguard the livelihood of farmers. Increase public awareness of preventive measures against Avian Influenza. References Li, H., & Cao, B. (2017). Pandemic and avian influenza A viruses in humans: epidemiology, virology, clinical characteristics, and treatment strategy. Clinics in chest med Tanner, W. D., Toth, D. J. A., & Gundlapalli, A. V. (2015). The pandemic potential of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus: a review. Epidemiology & Infection, 143(16), 3359- Influencing Factors Physical Environment Social Environment Close proximity to poultry and contact with poultry The society is educated on how to cook and handle feaces (Tanner, Toth,, & Gundlapalli, 2015) poultry products such as eggs to prevent the disease People keep poultry in their backyards and others keep birds such as parrots as pets Birds are categorized as social animals and most think that they are harmless. Hence, there is direct contact between human beings and birds. Quarantine of the affected regions The Tourism is affected as one cannot travel to the regions under quarantine. Drug companies will make more money but scientits will fear emergence of a different viral flu Phase Host Pre event 1-Monitor the hurricane activity 2-Planning with first responders and other agencies 3- Informing the public about the situation Event Post event Agent 1- The hurricane speed and di 2-The expected duration 3-Anticipate what other risk cou with it ex: flying objects. 1-Activation of media to keep the public 1-Destruction caused by a hur informed 2-Agricultural damage 2-Providing public basic needs like food 3-Psychosocial impact on the com and shelter. created by the storm. 1-Feedback survey about the response to the hurricane 2-Making sure it is safe before declaring the ending of a disaster response 3- Rebuilding the damaged facilities. 1-Topographical deviations destruction 2-Long term agricultural dam Agent Physical environment 1- The hurricane speed and direction 2-The expected duration Anticipate what other risk could come with it ex: flying objects. 1-Current structure 2-Preparedness of food and water. 1-Destruction caused by a hurricane 2-Agricultural damage Psychosocial impact on the community created by the storm. 1-Strength of the hurricane 2-Exposure duration 3-Housing preparedness 4-Hospitals preparedness 1-Topographical deviations after destruction 2-Long term agricultural damage. 1-Reassess the damaged community 2- Financial support Social Environment 1-preparedness of the community and first responders 2-Persons assignment 3-Evacuation directions 4-Disaster training 5-Public information about hurricanes 1-Incident command system 2- Emergency responders support 3-Active media for the public 4-Population compliance with mass evacuations 1-Financial recovery 2-Rebuilding affected homes 3-Review the preparedness plan. Environment s of the community and responders ons assignment uation directions saster training ation about hurricanes command system y responders support media for the public compliance with mass acuations ancial recovery ing affected homes e preparedness plan.

• WE OFFER THE BEST CUSTOM PAPER WRITING SERVICES. WE HAVE DONE THIS QUESTION BEFORE, WE CAN ALSO DO IT FOR YOU.
• Assignment status: Already Solved By Our Experts
• (USA, AUS, UK & CA PhD. Writers)
• CLICK HERE TO GET A PROFESSIONAL WRITER TO WORK ON THIS PAPER AND OTHER SIMILAR PAPERS, GET A NON PLAGIARIZED PAPER FROM OUR EXPERTS

QUALITY: 100% ORIGINAL PAPER – NO PLAGIARISM – CUSTOM PAPER

Why Choose Us?

How It Works

• Click on the “Place Your Order” tab at the top menu or “Order Now” icon at the bottom and a new page will appear with an order form to be filled.
• Fill in your paper’s requirements in the “PAPER DETAILS” section.
• Fill in your paper’s academic level, deadline, and the required number of pages from the drop-down menus.
• Click “CREATE ACCOUNT & SIGN IN” to enter your registration details and get an account with us for record-keeping and then, click on “PROCEED TO CHECKOUT” at the bottom of the page.
• From there, the payment sections will show, follow the guided payment process and your order will be available for our writing team to work on it.

About AcademicWritersBay.com

AcademicWritersBay.com is an easy-to-use and reliable service that is ready to assist you with your papers 24/7/ 365days a year. 99% of our customers are happy with their papers. Our team is efficient and will always tackle your essay needs comprehensively assuring you of excellent results. Feel free to ask them anything concerning your essay demands or Order.

AcademicWritersBay.com is a private company that offers academic support and assistance to students at all levels. Our mission is to provide proficient and high quality academic services to our highly esteemed clients. AcademicWritersBay.com is equipped with competent and proficient writers to tackle all types of your academic needs, and provide you with excellent results. Most of our writers are holders of master’s degrees or PhDs, which is an surety of excellent results to our clients. We provide assistance to students all over the world.
We provide high quality term papers, research papers, essays, proposals, theses and many others. At AcademicWritersBay.com, you can be sure of excellent grades in your assignments and final exams.