Reply to post Crystal O’Neal Through public policies and programs

Reply to post Crystal O’Neal Through public policies and programs, the government have found numerous methods to assist older American citizens. All these programs and policies address different issues for the elders and disabled individuals. In a variety of ways, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. For elders with impairments, ADA support these unique individuals by “providing opportunities to continue working in a job suited to their abilities, eliminating structural or programmatic barriers to full inclusion, and providing accommodations for sensory losses” (Bachelder & Hilton, 1994). According to Markson et al. (2016), ADEA (Age Discrimination in Employment Act) is age discrimination that includes age limits for hiring, advancement, discharge, termination, layoffs, compensation, or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment. It’s beneficial for individuals who are forty and older, and most importantly “the ADEA does allow employers, in certain limited circumstances, to reduce benefits to older workers to balance the costs of providing benefits that become more expensive with advancing age (e.g., life or health insurance), and to “offset” some benefits according to other benefits older workers receive (e.g., Medicare)” as expressed by Mid-Atlantic ADA Center (2023). Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) provides up to twelve weeks of unpaid leave per a twelve-month period for qualified employees – which group health benefits must be maintained by the employee during the leave as mentioned by DOL (2023). If an older person gets sicks and suffer a long-term illness, then leave can be used for this or if a family member must care for their older family member or elderly parents, then this could be used as well. OAA is the Older Americans Act that funds acute services for seniors worldwide. This act helps keep senior citizens healthy and maintain autonomy. It provides services such as benefit upgrades, transportation, caregiver support, training, meals, part-time work, and more. Medicare and Medicaid are two vital modifications to the Social Security Act and were recognized in 1965. For any individual over age sixty-five, certain young people with disabilities, or individuals with ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease) a federal health insurance program exist, and it’s known as Medicare (Medicare.gov, 2023). Medicaid, according to CBPP (2020), “Medicaid is a public insurance program that provides health coverage to low-income families and individuals, including children, parents, pregnant women, seniors, and people with disabilities; it is funded jointly by the federal government and the states – each state operates its own Medicaid program within federal guidelines”. Medicare for older Americans will guarantee affordable health insurance and keep segregate heirs from increasing health care cost. Medicaid can fill in the gaps where Medicare won’t cover certain costs. Medicaid is used for long-term care by seniors who have Medicare. Social Security is a social insurance program that aids the elderly and the unemployed, and the Social Security Act was established in 1935 as stated by Markson et al. (2016). Many changes have been since made to this act allowing more individuals to qualify for disability benefits. An older individual can benefit from the cash benefits that Social Security offers, or they could work along with receiving SS benefits at the same time. It also provides majority of an older individual’s income. It is the responsibility of all three parties to hold the social responsibility in the United States of the later life care of the aging. Government policies and programs were established for unique circumstances around the aging, individuals with disabilities and more, which some of these policies and programs are listed above. However, there is another government policy that specifically designed to carry out the provisions of the OAA, which is the AOA – Administration on Aging. This organization “provides leadership and expertise on programs, advocacy, and initiatives affecting older adults and their caregivers and families” (ACL.gov, 2023). There is the PACE (Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly) program that offers a combination of Medicare and Medicaid, which provides care and services to people who otherwise would need care in a nursing home, as PACE covers medical, social service, and long-term care costs (NIH, 2022). VA, SHIP, and NCOA are some other government programs for the aging – and there are many more as each are diverse and meet the elderly needs appropriately. As an individual it’s imperative to consider later life care and preparing for it, is key. Many do not know what impairments they may have or illness as they age, if any; however, by planning for it now and recognizing any family history that’s relevant or to later ailments can be helpful. An older person can prepare for their financial, physical, and mental health accordingly and before it’s too late. It will make it easier for family members to come in and assist since majority of everything is organized and in place. Family is responsible for later life care of the aging, older individuals, or parents too. Getting a head start on this will allow individuals to have the proper documents or power of attorney in place in case someone must act on the elderly’s behalf. Understanding where one’s parents or family member are financially plus their physical and mental status could provide a more accurate financial and social care plan that’s secure. The family could know in advance if they need to save more or make other alternative decisions to assist with care for their aging family member. As stated by NASEM (2016), “family caregiving ranges from assistance with daily activities and providing direct care to the care recipient to navigating complex health care and social services systems; the domains of the caregiving role include assistance with household tasks, self-care tasks, and mobility; provision of emotional and social support; health and medical care; advocacy and care coordination; and surrogacy”. It has been confirmed that family caregiving is more intensive, complex, and long lasting than it has been in the past. To add, caregivers rarely receive sufficient preparation for their caregiving role. References: ACL.gov (2023). Administration on Aging. Retrieved from https://acl.gov/about-acl/administration-aging Bachelder, J. M., & Hilton, C. L. (1994). Implications of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for elderly persons. The American journal of occupational therapy: official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 48(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.48.1.73 DOL. (2023). FMLA frequently asked questions. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla/faq Markson, E. W., Stein, P. J., & Alden, E. L. (2016). Social gerontology: Issues & prospects [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.uagc.edu/ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2016). Families caring for an aging America. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23606. National Institutes of Health. (2022). Paying for long-term care. Retrieved from https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/paying-long-term-care Policy basics: Introduction to Medicaid. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. (2020, April 14). Retrieved from https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/introduction-to-medicaid Mid-Atlantic ADA Center. (2022, March 29). The ADA and Aging Workers. Retrieved from https://www.adainfo.org/article-archive/ada-and-aging-workers/ Medicare.gov. (2023). What’s Medicare? Retrieved from https://www.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/your-medicare-coverage-choices/whats-medicare

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